{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159483243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic51459.2021.9415243","title":"Extensive Huffman-tree-based Neural Network for the Imbalanced Dataset and Its Application in Accent Recognition","display_name":"Extensive Huffman-tree-based Neural Network for the Imbalanced Dataset and Its Application in Accent Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159483243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic51459.2021.9415243","mag":"3159483243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icaiic51459.2021.9415243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic51459.2021.9415243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/709","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088510799","display_name":"Jeremy Merrill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Merrill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101582058","display_name":"Yu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-4131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739181","display_name":"Dalei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31168956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"310","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huffman-coding","display_name":"Huffman coding","score":0.8067331314086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7035285830497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.66424959897995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.604377031326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.521946132183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.47287389636039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.4703179895877838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4122188687324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39499881863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33410704135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.19806522130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17659255862236023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.8067331314086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7035285830497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.66424959897995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.604377031326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.521946132183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.47287389636039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.4703179895877838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4122188687324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39499881863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33410704135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.19806522130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17659255862236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icaiic51459.2021.9415243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiic51459.2021.9415243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.utc.edu:theses-1875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196682","display_name":"UTC Scholar (University of Tennessee at Chattanooga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","host_organization_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.utc.edu:theses-1875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196682","display_name":"UTC Scholar (University of Tennessee at Chattanooga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","host_organization_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515249107","https://openalex.org/W1574212560","https://openalex.org/W2044097773","https://openalex.org/W2067983477","https://openalex.org/W2226234900","https://openalex.org/W2242335579","https://openalex.org/W2604736517","https://openalex.org/W2993396030","https://openalex.org/W3005484410","https://openalex.org/W3162937989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966933208","https://openalex.org/W2351464472","https://openalex.org/W2914103308","https://openalex.org/W3163059229","https://openalex.org/W1518463267","https://openalex.org/W4287181776","https://openalex.org/W2586352442","https://openalex.org/W2357109835","https://openalex.org/W2363764423","https://openalex.org/W2344988652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"classify":[1],"the":[2,51,83,85,93,120],"data-set":[3,81],"featured":[4],"with":[5,50,95],"a":[6,76],"large":[7],"number":[8,46],"of":[9,47,114],"heavily":[10],"imbalanced":[11,79],"classes,":[12],"this":[13],"paper":[14],"proposed":[15,86],"an":[16,34],"Extensive":[17],"Huffman-Tree":[18,53],"Neural":[19,54],"Network":[20,55],"(EHTNN),":[21],"which":[22],"fabricates":[23],"multiple":[24],"component":[25],"neural":[26,65],"network-enabled":[27],"classifiers":[28],"(e.g.,":[29],"CNN":[30],"or":[31],"SVM)":[32],"using":[33],"extensive":[35],"Huffman":[36],"tree.":[37],"Any":[38],"given":[39],"node":[40],"in":[41,112],"EHTNN":[42,57,87,111],"can":[43],"have":[44,59],"arbitrary":[45],"children.":[48],"Compared":[49],"Binary":[52],"(BHTNN),":[56],"may":[58],"smaller":[60],"tree":[61],"height,":[62],"involve":[63],"fewer":[64],"networks,":[66],"and":[67,101,119],"demonstrate":[68],"more":[69],"flexibility":[70],"on":[71,92],"handling":[72],"data":[73],"imbalance.":[74],"Using":[75],"16-class":[77],"exponentially":[78],"audio":[80],"as":[82,99],"benchmark,":[84],"was":[88],"strictly":[89],"assessed":[90],"based":[91],"comparisons":[94],"alternative":[96],"methods":[97],"such":[98],"BHTNN":[100],"single-layer":[102],"CNN.":[103],"The":[104],"experimental":[105],"results":[106,109],"demonstrated":[107],"promising":[108],"about":[110],"terms":[113],"Gini":[115],"index,":[116],"Entropy":[117],"value,":[118],"accuracy":[121],"derived":[122],"from":[123],"hierarchical":[124],"multiclass":[125],"confusion":[126],"matrix.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}