{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378976608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136668","title":"Automatic Detection of Paediatric Congenital Heart Diseases from Phonocardiogram Signals","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Paediatric Congenital Heart Diseases from Phonocardiogram Signals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378976608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101187610","display_name":"Zafar Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zafar Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069871924","display_name":"Muhammad Zeeshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-5083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zeeshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010366005","display_name":"Arshad Sohail","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800200783","display_name":"Lady Reading Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01eq8c489","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800200783"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad Sohail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lady reading hospital MTI,paediatric cardiology,Peshawar,Pakistan","paediatric cardiology, Lady reading hospital MTI, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lady reading hospital MTI,paediatric cardiology,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800200783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"paediatric cardiology, Lady reading hospital MTI, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800200783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092063659","display_name":"Fazal-e-Haq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazal-e-Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015672012","display_name":"Muhammad Haris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology(UET),Department of Electrical Engineering,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061296142","display_name":"Misha Urooj Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-0469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Misha Urooj Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Qatar University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Doha,Qatar","National Center of Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology,Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare IIPL,Peshawar,Pakistan","Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare IIPL, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Qatar University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center of Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology,Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare IIPL,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare IIPL, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024454534","display_name":"Sayed Shahid Hussain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Shahid Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology(UET), Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038491744","display_name":"Muhammad Salman Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9709-8179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["PK","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Salman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Qatar University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Doha,Qatar","National Center of Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology,Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare IIPL,Peshawar,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Qatar University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Doha,Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center of Artificial Intelligence, University of Engineering and Technology,Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare IIPL,Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101187610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87854468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"188","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","score":0.937845766544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5967851877212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5655686855316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5446190237998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5053661465644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4750402271747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-sounds","display_name":"Heart sounds","score":0.4744868278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4659266173839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.46493953466415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4535823464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.403186559677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.33111655712127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.20013052225112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.10906228423118591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.937845766544342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5967851877212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5655686855316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5446190237998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5053661465644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4750402271747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779435589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967103","display_name":"Heart sounds","level":2,"score":0.4744868278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4659266173839569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.46493953466415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4535823464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.403186559677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33111655712127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.20013052225112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.10906228423118591}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023436901","https://openalex.org/W2593628220","https://openalex.org/W2773814046","https://openalex.org/W2789496135","https://openalex.org/W2811161392","https://openalex.org/W2901976219","https://openalex.org/W2999582945","https://openalex.org/W3003386082","https://openalex.org/W3005771459","https://openalex.org/W3021677279","https://openalex.org/W3206855113","https://openalex.org/W4224018389","https://openalex.org/W4280559926","https://openalex.org/W4281564297","https://openalex.org/W4283167557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387221087","https://openalex.org/W2152419616","https://openalex.org/W2728656984","https://openalex.org/W1506440961","https://openalex.org/W2018728702","https://openalex.org/W1972136701","https://openalex.org/W2563931857","https://openalex.org/W2182974840","https://openalex.org/W2083083343","https://openalex.org/W2066804906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,113,169],"World":[1],"Health":[2],"Organization":[3],"(WHO)":[4],"claims":[5],"that":[6,39,120,123],"0.8%":[7],"to":[8,60,110,140,162],"1.2%":[9],"of":[10,53,77,127,151,180,184,189,193,198],"newborns":[11],"worldwide":[12],"are":[13,21],"affected":[14],"by":[15,73],"congenital":[16],"heart":[17],"diseases":[18],"(CHDs).":[19],"There":[20],"many":[22],"methods":[23],"for":[24,71,174],"CHD":[25],"identification,":[26],"and":[27,49,51,79,90,160,196],"the":[28,44,54,94,128,137],"most":[29],"prevalent":[30],"is":[31,35],"phonocardiography":[32],"(PCG).":[33],"It":[34],"a":[36,62,67,75,148,163],"non-invasive":[37],"method":[38],"offers":[40],"crucial":[41],"knowledge":[42],"about":[43],"sounds":[45],"(S1,":[46],"S2,":[47],"S3,":[48],"S4)":[50],"beats":[52],"heart.":[55],"This":[56],"research":[57],"study":[58],"aims":[59],"train":[61],"binary":[63],"categorization":[64],"system":[65],"using":[66,74],"deep":[68],"neural":[69,166],"network":[70,167],"CHDs":[72],"combination":[76],"local":[78,83],"public":[80,95],"datasets.":[81],"dataset":[84,96],"(LD)":[85],"had":[86,102],"583":[87],"signals":[88,125,144],"(normal":[89],"abnormal":[91],"PCG),":[92],"while":[93],"(PD)":[97],"taken":[98],"from":[99],"Michigan":[100],"University":[101],"23":[103],"PCG":[104],"recordings.":[105],"Both":[106],"datasets":[107],"were":[108,132,145,172],"down-sampled":[109],"8":[111],"kHz.":[112],"band":[114],"pass":[115],"filter":[116],"was":[117,158],"designed":[118],"such":[119],"it":[121],"ensured":[122],"any":[124],"outside":[126],"20\u2013650":[129],"Hz":[130],"range":[131],"filtered":[133],"out,":[134],"allowing":[135],"only":[136],"desired":[138],"frequencies":[139],"be":[141],"processed.":[142],"All":[143],"chunked":[146],"at":[147],"signal":[149],"duration":[150],"4":[152],"seconds.":[153],"For":[154],"data":[155],"augmentation,":[156],"pitch-shifting":[157],"applied":[159],"passed":[161],"1D":[164],"convolutional":[165],"(CNN).":[168],"best":[170],"results":[171],"achieved":[173],"case":[175],"C,":[176],"with":[177],"an":[178],"accuracy":[179],"98.56":[181,190],"%,":[182,186,191,195],"precision":[183],"98.57":[185],"F1":[187],"score":[188],"specificity":[192],"98.0":[194],"sensitivity":[197],"99.0%.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}