{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378976716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136648","title":"Convolutional Neural Networks for Deep Spoken Keyword Spotting","display_name":"Convolutional Neural Networks for Deep Spoken Keyword Spotting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378976716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003668441","display_name":"Nayyer Aafaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-2094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nayyer Aafaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101208209","display_name":"Mehran Saleem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehran Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108840422","display_name":"Jahanzeb Tariq Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jahanzeb Tariq Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074277527","display_name":"Imran Hafeez Abbasi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13805885","display_name":"Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056e22e24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Hafeez Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST,Department of Avionics Engineering,Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13805885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003668441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13805885","https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7000287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"170","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.9409297704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.883811354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6957153081893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6272878646850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.606460690498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.600593090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.562182605266571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.5611723065376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5479335188865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.47732099890708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4309369623661041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.42686909437179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41190534830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3596876263618469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.9409297704696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.883811354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6957153081893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6272878646850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.606460690498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.600593090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.562182605266571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.5611723065376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5479335188865662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.47732099890708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4309369623661041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.42686909437179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41190534830093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3596876263618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icai58407.2023.10136648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56667085","https://openalex.org/W1494604982","https://openalex.org/W1519526705","https://openalex.org/W1553469512","https://openalex.org/W1856642995","https://openalex.org/W1969796692","https://openalex.org/W2001208534","https://openalex.org/W2017225485","https://openalex.org/W2033310064","https://openalex.org/W2056986588","https://openalex.org/W2090861223","https://openalex.org/W2122797512","https://openalex.org/W2147147599","https://openalex.org/W2151244813","https://openalex.org/W2205714567","https://openalex.org/W2407023693","https://openalex.org/W2487236559","https://openalex.org/W2510945575","https://openalex.org/W2769912137","https://openalex.org/W2783089003","https://openalex.org/W2783652918","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2904132449","https://openalex.org/W2938873567","https://openalex.org/W2951390634","https://openalex.org/W2973226577","https://openalex.org/W3025581723","https://openalex.org/W3095949666","https://openalex.org/W3114848746","https://openalex.org/W3117459110","https://openalex.org/W3153679659","https://openalex.org/W3198035615","https://openalex.org/W4206567542","https://openalex.org/W4282946173","https://openalex.org/W4287864706","https://openalex.org/W4288083805","https://openalex.org/W4394104437","https://openalex.org/W6746451879","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6774097463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W3119978414","https://openalex.org/W2516975559","https://openalex.org/W3206647229","https://openalex.org/W1969408022","https://openalex.org/W2000885660","https://openalex.org/W2545741539","https://openalex.org/W4391266561"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,15,32,69],"increase":[2],"in":[3,31,60],"biometric":[4],"security":[5],"applications,":[6],"mobile":[7],"and":[8,12,52,63,75,107,117],"telephonic":[9],"communication":[10],"monitoring":[11],"digital":[13],"assistants,":[14],"practical":[16],"applications":[17],"of":[18,28,34,48,68,81,85],"Keyword":[19,35,98],"Spotting":[20,36,99],"(KWS)":[21],"have":[22],"increased":[23],"many":[24],"folds.":[25],"The":[26,66],"use":[27],"Artificial":[29],"Intelligence":[30],"domain":[33],"has":[37,94],"greatly":[38],"enhanced":[39],"its":[40],"accuracy.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"after":[45],"doing":[46],"analysis":[47],"various":[49],"feature":[50],"extraction":[51],"Deep":[53,86],"Learning":[54],"techniques,":[55],"KWS":[56],"is":[57],"done":[58],"both":[59],"non-streaming":[61],"mode":[62],"streaming":[64],"mode.":[65],"features":[67],"speech":[70],"are":[71],"extracted":[72],"using":[73],"Mel-Spectograms":[74],"Mel-frequency":[76],"Cepstral":[77],"Coefficients":[78],"(MFCCs).":[79],"Out":[80],"three":[82],"broad":[83],"categories":[84],"Neural":[87,90,104,109],"networks,":[88],"Convolutional":[89],"Network":[91,105,110],"(CNN)":[92],"model":[93],"been":[95],"implemented":[96],"for":[97],"as":[100,134,136],"it":[101],"out-performs":[102],"Recurrent":[103],"(RNN)":[106],"Feedforward":[108],"(FFNN)":[111],"due":[112],"to":[113],"their":[114],"lesser":[115],"complexity":[116],"low":[118],"computational":[119],"cost.":[120],"These":[121],"techniques":[122],"were":[123],"used":[124],"with":[125],"Google":[126],"Speech":[127],"Commands":[128],"Dataset,":[129],"provided":[130],"by":[131],"Google,":[132],"online":[133],"well":[135],"offline.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}