{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1622563307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2015.7275661","title":"VLSI architecture of Pairwise Linear SVM for facial expression recognition","display_name":"VLSI architecture of Pairwise Linear SVM for facial expression recognition","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1622563307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2015.7275661","mag":"1622563307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icacci.2015.7275661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2015.7275661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011982184","display_name":"Sumeet Saurav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-4107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41763900","display_name":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01hh45364","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I41763900","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumeet Saurav","raw_affiliation_strings":["IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41763900"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101588879","display_name":"Anil Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3238-4881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41763900","display_name":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01hh45364","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I41763900","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41763900"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022334979","display_name":"Sanjay Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2249-799X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41763900","display_name":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01hh45364","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I41763900","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41763900"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101593160","display_name":"Ravi Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0288-341X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41763900","display_name":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01hh45364","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I41763900","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IC Design Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41763900"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059413248","display_name":"Shradha Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2856-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102117144","display_name":"Banasthali University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ycegt40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102117144"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shradha Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIM & ACT, Banasthali Vidhyapeeth, Tonk, Rajasthan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIM & ACT, Banasthali Vidhyapeeth, Tonk, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102117144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011982184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41763900"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55634652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"521","last_page":"527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.8452244400978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8144131302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.7679924964904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6632294058799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6389208436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5912047624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.4996483325958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36852729320526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1138063371181488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.8452244400978088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8144131302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.7679924964904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6632294058799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6389208436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5912047624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.4996483325958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36852729320526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1138063371181488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icacci.2015.7275661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2015.7275661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335278","display_name":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01hh45364"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116877356","https://openalex.org/W188247497","https://openalex.org/W1773989760","https://openalex.org/W1932798600","https://openalex.org/W1971212236","https://openalex.org/W1978832933","https://openalex.org/W1980744795","https://openalex.org/W2031802401","https://openalex.org/W2053432263","https://openalex.org/W2096548115","https://openalex.org/W2104226279","https://openalex.org/W2104773058","https://openalex.org/W2111858078","https://openalex.org/W2117015848","https://openalex.org/W2119328568","https://openalex.org/W2128443471","https://openalex.org/W2130526756","https://openalex.org/W2134992020","https://openalex.org/W2151682451","https://openalex.org/W2156516654","https://openalex.org/W2161629484","https://openalex.org/W6604804374","https://openalex.org/W6640556517","https://openalex.org/W6678963702","https://openalex.org/W7037509055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2949152769","https://openalex.org/W4372354731","https://openalex.org/W2807634898","https://openalex.org/W1692008701","https://openalex.org/W2942366970","https://openalex.org/W2597588799","https://openalex.org/W4360593462","https://openalex.org/W2562400057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67],"this":[1,22],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"VLSI":[5],"architecture":[6],"of":[7,21,30,64,96,114,131,143,149,159],"Pairwise":[8],"Linear":[9],"Support":[10],"Vector":[11],"Machine":[12],"(SVM)":[13],"classifier":[14,94],"for":[15,78],"multi-classification":[16],"on":[17,134],"FPGA.":[18],"The":[19,103],"objective":[20],"work":[23],"is":[24,55,117],"to":[25,56,69,127,138],"facilitate":[26],"real":[27],"time":[28],"classification":[29,147],"the":[31,52,62,65,80,115,121,132,135],"facial":[32],"expressions":[33],"into":[34],"three":[35],"categories:":[36],"neutral,":[37],"happy":[38],"and":[39,74,100,120,146],"pain,":[40],"which":[41,154],"could":[42],"be":[43],"used":[44,91,126],"in":[45,86],"a":[46,156],"typical":[47],"patient":[48],"monitoring":[49],"system.":[50],"Thus,":[51],"challenge":[53],"here":[54],"achieve":[57,70],"good":[58,71,157],"performance":[59,72,158],"without":[60],"compromising":[61],"accuracy":[63,99,148],"classifier.":[66],"order":[68],"pipelining":[73],"parallelism":[75],"(key":[76],"methodologies":[77],"improving":[79],"performance/frame":[81],"rates)":[82],"have":[83,90,124],"been":[84,106,125,152],"utilized":[85],"our":[87,160],"architectures.":[88],"We":[89],"pairwise":[92],"SVM":[93,116,133],"because":[95],"its":[97],"greater":[98],"architectural":[101],"simplicity.":[102],"architectures":[104],"has":[105,151],"designed":[107],"using":[108],"fixed-point":[109],"data":[110],"format.":[111],"Training":[112],"phase":[113,130],"performed":[118],"offline,":[119],"extracted":[122],"parameters":[123],"implement":[128],"testing":[129],"hardware.":[136],"According":[137],"simulation":[139],"results,":[140],"maximum":[141],"frequency":[142],"241.55":[144],"MHz,":[145],"97.87%":[150],"achieved,":[153],"shows":[155],"proposed":[161],"architecture.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
