{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304142017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac55051.2022.9911152","title":"A Kalman Filter based Approach for Markerless Pose Tracking and Assessment","display_name":"A Kalman Filter based Approach for Markerless Pose Tracking and Assessment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304142017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac55051.2022.9911152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icac55051.2022.9911152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac55051.2022.9911152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608428","display_name":"2022 27th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 27th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101835782","display_name":"Xuqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1131-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041801154","display_name":"Issam Boukhennoufa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-1367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Issam Boukhennoufa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066285962","display_name":"Bernard X. W. Liew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-7548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Liew","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077992830","display_name":"Klaus D. McDonald-Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus D McDonald-Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042584242","display_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex,Colchester,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93468356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.8559080362319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7010596990585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6691621541976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6305951476097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6118583679199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.44174331426620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.4262266755104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06588125228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.8559080362319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7010596990585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6691621541976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6305951476097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6118583679199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.44174331426620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.4262266755104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06588125228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icac55051.2022.9911152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac55051.2022.9911152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608428","display_name":"2022 27th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 27th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:33560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1916279681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V034111/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984685202","https://openalex.org/W2483158495","https://openalex.org/W2509662494","https://openalex.org/W2754967293","https://openalex.org/W2904404980","https://openalex.org/W2905034540","https://openalex.org/W2945684207","https://openalex.org/W2946188627","https://openalex.org/W3010312500","https://openalex.org/W3015461837","https://openalex.org/W3041174039","https://openalex.org/W3102563980","https://openalex.org/W4287755748","https://openalex.org/W4380142333","https://openalex.org/W6677120959","https://openalex.org/W6779739588","https://openalex.org/W6814963641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089114113","https://openalex.org/W2389555968","https://openalex.org/W2352634297","https://openalex.org/W2320550378","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W2736638679","https://openalex.org/W4313046826","https://openalex.org/W1968716783","https://openalex.org/W2158788032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"assessment":[1,51,69,112],"and":[2,20,75,141,173],"treatment":[3],"of":[4,34,105],"diseases":[5],"that":[6,53,71,118],"causes":[7],"movement":[8],"impairments":[9],"typically":[10],"rely":[11],"upon":[12],"clinical":[13,21,28,47,88,99,181],"information":[14],"obtained":[15],"from":[16,23,176],"self-reported":[17],"rating":[18],"scales":[19],"observation":[22],"health":[24],"professionals.":[25],"Currently,":[26],"objective":[27],"gait":[29,57,182],"analysis":[30,58],"requires":[31],"the":[32,94,120,133,146],"use":[33],"expensive":[35],"cameras":[36],"or":[37],"wearable":[38],"sensors,":[39],"which":[40,83,136],"may":[41],"be":[42,162],"too":[43],"time-consuming":[44],"for":[45,90,180],"routine":[46],"usage.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"an":[50],"system":[52,70,113],"can":[54,84,144,161],"provide":[55,85],"non-invasive":[56],"tool":[59],"is":[60,107,124],"desired.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,111],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"a":[67,86,103,127,138,142],"cost-efficient":[68],"combines":[72],"computer":[73],"vision":[74],"artificial":[76],"intelligence":[77],"technology":[78],"to":[79,92,97,109,126,164,170],"analyse":[80],"human":[81,147,166],"gait,":[82],"basic":[87],"report":[89],"clinicians":[91],"evaluate":[93],"patients\u2019":[95],"recovery":[96],"facilitate":[98],"decision":[100],"making.":[101],"And":[102],"series":[104],"experiments":[106,116],"taken":[108],"improve":[110,145],"performance.":[114],"Those":[115],"showed":[117],"when":[119],"visibility":[121],"threshold":[122],"(VT)":[123],"set":[125],"relatively":[128],"high":[129],"level":[130],"(VT":[131],"=0.4),":[132],"postprocessing":[134],"part,":[135],"includes":[137],"Kalman":[139],"filter":[140],"FDF,":[143],"pose":[148],"detection":[149,168],"model":[150],"(BlazePose)\u2019s":[151],"joint":[152,177],"angle":[153,178],"prediction":[154],"accuracy":[155],"by":[156],"10%.":[157],"This":[158],"post-processing":[159],"method":[160],"applied":[163],"other":[165],"body":[167],"models":[169],"achieve":[171],"filtering":[172],"feature":[174],"extraction":[175],"signals":[179],"analysis.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}