{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097850452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac.2006.1662421","title":"Fast and Effective Worm Fingerprinting via Machine Learning","display_name":"Fast and Effective Worm Fingerprinting via Machine Learning","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097850452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac.2006.1662421","mag":"2097850452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icac.2006.1662421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac.2006.1662421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005754565","display_name":"Stewart Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stewart Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039524325","display_name":"Jianping Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-8769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079761939","display_name":"H. Rajamani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Rajamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029529819","display_name":"Taewon Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taewon Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343697","display_name":"Yin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008715111","display_name":"Raymond J. Mooney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4504-0490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mooney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005754565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81270868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7863872647285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7433430552482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.712410569190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6397048234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5625149607658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.556511640548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5263049602508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.5057978630065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11512944102287292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7863872647285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7433430552482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.712410569190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6397048234939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5625149607658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.556511640548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5263049602508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5057978630065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11512944102287292}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icac.2006.1662421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icac.2006.1662421","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.138.1782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.138.1782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~yzhang/papers/worm-icac06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.63.2885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.63.2885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ml/papers/worm-icac-06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.76.3889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.76.3889","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ml/papers/worm-tr-06.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88694106","https://openalex.org/W132371169","https://openalex.org/W1504417041","https://openalex.org/W1509130105","https://openalex.org/W1516506771","https://openalex.org/W1517527854","https://openalex.org/W1550206324","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1670263352","https://openalex.org/W1744212210","https://openalex.org/W2023955403","https://openalex.org/W2083477206","https://openalex.org/W2099053789","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2123504579","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2134006599","https://openalex.org/W2137786570","https://openalex.org/W2140785063","https://openalex.org/W2466512847","https://openalex.org/W2610179052","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W6603729080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389954502","https://openalex.org/W2771255398","https://openalex.org/W2930428186","https://openalex.org/W3200027047","https://openalex.org/W4224922629","https://openalex.org/W3125536479","https://openalex.org/W4214820172","https://openalex.org/W4386984454","https://openalex.org/W3120363735","https://openalex.org/W2394323384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Internet":[1,49],"worms":[2],"become":[3],"ever":[4],"faster":[5],"and":[6,22,51,73,112,131],"more":[7,102,106],"sophisticated,":[8],"it":[9],"is":[10],"important":[11],"to":[12,15,32,40,100,127],"be":[13],"able":[14,39,99],"extract":[16],"worm":[17,92,134],"signatures":[18],"in":[19,90,108],"an":[20],"accurate":[21,103,132],"timely":[23],"manner.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,55],"apply":[29],"machine":[30,62,95,125],"learning":[31,63,71,96,126],"automatically":[33],"fingerprint":[34],"polymorphic":[35,53,91],"worms,":[36,54],"which":[37],"are":[38,79,98],"change":[41],"their":[42],"appearance":[43],"across":[44],"every":[45],"instance.":[46],"Using":[47],"real":[48],"traces":[50],"synthetic":[52],"evaluated":[56],"the":[57,85,88,109,121],"performance":[58],"of":[59,87,123],"several":[60,94],"advanced":[61],"algorithms,":[64],"including":[65],"naive":[66],"Bayes,":[67],"decision-tree":[68],"induction,":[69],"rule":[70],"(RIPPER)":[72],"support":[74],"vector":[75],"machines.":[76],"The":[77],"results":[78,119],"very":[80],"promising.":[81],"Compared":[82],"with":[83],"Polygraph,":[84],"state":[86],"art":[89],"fingerprinting,":[93],"algorithms":[97],"generate":[101],"signatures,":[104],"tolerate":[105],"noise":[107],"training":[110,116],"data":[111],"require":[113],"much":[114],"shorter":[115],"time.":[117],"These":[118],"open":[120],"possibility":[122],"applying":[124],"build":[128],"a":[129],"fast":[130],"online":[133],"fingerprinting":[135],"system.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
