{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387735180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3ina60834.2023.10285789","title":"A Review of Ontology Development in the e-Learning Domain: Methods, Roles, Evaluation","display_name":"A Review of Ontology Development in the e-Learning Domain: Methods, Roles, Evaluation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387735180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3ina60834.2023.10285789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3ina60834.2023.10285789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3ina60834.2023.10285789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications (IC3INA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113816533","display_name":"Muhammad Khoiruddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khoiruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079804283","display_name":"Sri Suning Kusumawardani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-3232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sri Suning Kusumawardani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024219353","display_name":"Indriana Hidayah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indriana Hidayah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108644292","display_name":"Silmi Fauziati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silmi Fauziati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Electrical and Information Engineering,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113816533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72337236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"262","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9422000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8815586566925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7516183853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.7475275993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.7005926370620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.694357693195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.6426278352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-learning","display_name":"Ontology learning","score":0.6207404136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.502230167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48645588755607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44697391986846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4315441846847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3991253077983856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.3602377772331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3458186388015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2518794536590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.05539005994796753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8815586566925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7516183853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.7475275993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.7005926370620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.694357693195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.6426278352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620938","display_name":"Ontology learning","level":5,"score":0.6207404136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.502230167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48645588755607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44697391986846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4315441846847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3991253077983856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3602377772331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3458186388015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2518794536590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05539005994796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3ina60834.2023.10285789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3ina60834.2023.10285789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications (IC3INA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049968638","https://openalex.org/W2187244164","https://openalex.org/W2279520457","https://openalex.org/W2418344542","https://openalex.org/W2579393094","https://openalex.org/W2581256034","https://openalex.org/W2588397446","https://openalex.org/W2593244042","https://openalex.org/W2602916380","https://openalex.org/W2610312603","https://openalex.org/W2737678980","https://openalex.org/W2742220091","https://openalex.org/W2751975646","https://openalex.org/W2766359431","https://openalex.org/W2783397741","https://openalex.org/W2792301837","https://openalex.org/W2795173687","https://openalex.org/W2810176791","https://openalex.org/W2897976152","https://openalex.org/W2902298684","https://openalex.org/W2903802989","https://openalex.org/W2905042722","https://openalex.org/W2906356241","https://openalex.org/W2914019595","https://openalex.org/W2937722763","https://openalex.org/W2941052600","https://openalex.org/W2941166583","https://openalex.org/W2963957220","https://openalex.org/W2964985680","https://openalex.org/W2968753778","https://openalex.org/W2978590812","https://openalex.org/W2980356142","https://openalex.org/W2981107072","https://openalex.org/W2992782944","https://openalex.org/W2998863518","https://openalex.org/W3003386757","https://openalex.org/W3006590625","https://openalex.org/W3013806588","https://openalex.org/W3014413186","https://openalex.org/W3022692811","https://openalex.org/W3025166925","https://openalex.org/W3034073051","https://openalex.org/W3089743078","https://openalex.org/W3099017293","https://openalex.org/W3158715441","https://openalex.org/W3191480951","https://openalex.org/W3200146144","https://openalex.org/W4200351750","https://openalex.org/W4206457695","https://openalex.org/W4212828067","https://openalex.org/W4214919241","https://openalex.org/W4220965840","https://openalex.org/W4297042567","https://openalex.org/W4304892677","https://openalex.org/W4309630228","https://openalex.org/W4310814893","https://openalex.org/W4312464546","https://openalex.org/W6756938879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075489301","https://openalex.org/W2051508632","https://openalex.org/W4255991504","https://openalex.org/W2375862234","https://openalex.org/W4251889114","https://openalex.org/W2156556194","https://openalex.org/W2039166384","https://openalex.org/W3009694037","https://openalex.org/W2024342824","https://openalex.org/W147727067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ontology":[1,19,38,60,71,83,102,114,122,152],"formally":[2],"represents":[3],"the":[4,12,32,46,55,59,64,82,99,119],"knowledge":[5,24],"that":[6,170],"describes":[7],"a":[8,92],"particular":[9],"domain":[10,67],"and":[11,22,49,73,86,94,109,118,143,167],"relationships":[13],"between":[14],"its":[15],"concepts.":[16],"In":[17],"e-Learning,":[18],"can":[20],"organize":[21],"integrate":[23],"into":[25,162],"online":[26,175],"learning.":[27,176],"This":[28,126],"paper":[29,127,159],"will":[30],"discuss":[31],"various":[33],"methods":[34,53,112],"employed":[35],"in":[36,42,81,123,173],"e-Learning":[37,43,101,124],"development.":[39],"Ontology":[40],"development":[41,61,70,84],"focuses":[44],"on":[45],"methods,":[47,164],"roles,":[48,166],"evaluation":[50,130,168],"processes.":[51],"The":[52],"encompass":[54],"steps":[56],"to":[57,91,105],"support":[58],"process,":[62,85],"while":[63],"roles":[65],"involve":[66],"experts,":[68,72],"system":[69],"end":[74],"users.":[75],"Each":[76],"role":[77],"carries":[78],"distinct":[79],"responsibilities":[80],"their":[87],"contributions":[88],"collectively":[89],"lead":[90],"compelling":[93],"rewarding":[95],"ontology.":[96],"Evaluation":[97,111],"of":[98,121],"developed":[100],"is":[103],"essential":[104],"ensure":[106],"accuracy,":[107],"consistency,":[108],"quality.":[110],"include":[113],"testing,":[115],"expert":[116],"validation,":[117],"utilization":[120],"applications.":[125],"also":[128],"discusses":[129],"criteria":[131],"such":[132],"as":[133,148],"Relationship":[134],"Richness":[135,138,141],"(RR),":[136],"Inheritance":[137],"(IR),":[139],"Attribute":[140],"(AR),":[142],"Foca":[144],"metrics,":[145],"which":[146],"serve":[147],"guidelines":[149],"for":[150],"measuring":[151],"evaluation.":[153],"By":[154],"addressing":[155],"these":[156],"aspects,":[157],"this":[158],"provides":[160],"insights":[161],"effective":[163],"relevant":[165],"processes":[169],"are":[171],"pivotal":[172],"enhancing":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}