{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391267053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397912","title":"A Voting Enabled Predictive Approach for Hate Speech Detection","display_name":"A Voting Enabled Predictive Approach for Hate Speech Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391267053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Parnani Panda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67357951","display_name":"KIIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8zt527","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parnani Panda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology,Bhubaneswar,India","School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology,Bhubaneswar,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078067444","display_name":"Sushruta Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3929-1100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67357951","display_name":"KIIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8zt527","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushruta Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology,Bhubaneswar,India","School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology,Bhubaneswar,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090844918","display_name":"Vandana Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-2365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48018076","display_name":"Christ University","ror":"https://ror.org/022tv9y30","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vandana Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["CHRIST (Deemed to be University),Computer Science Department,Delhi NCR,India","Computer Science Department, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CHRIST (Deemed to be University),Computer Science Department,Delhi NCR,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48018076"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034896032","display_name":"Ahmed Alkhayyat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-3453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","display_name":"Iraqi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfhkb67","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259362","display_name":"Islamic University of Najaf","ror":"https://ror.org/024dzaa63","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259362"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alkhayyat","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University,Najaf,Iraq","College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University,Najaf,Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051","https://openalex.org/I4405259362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77051021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33.1","issue":null,"first_page":"450","last_page":"454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9293000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7775510549545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.7378082275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.6022735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectivity","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","score":0.5973193645477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5760457515716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5474746823310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.5047875642776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46301954984664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-predictive-coding","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","score":0.4526672959327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4295628070831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42685556411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.42197859287261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4168228507041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","score":0.41638824343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.41465994715690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.3945586085319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3201255798339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23023030161857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21806177496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18461570143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1045091450214386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7775510549545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.7378082275390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.6022735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2482559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206330","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5973193645477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5760457515716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5474746823310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.5047875642776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46301954984664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59883199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826438","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","level":3,"score":0.4526672959327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4295628070831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42685556411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.42197859287261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4168228507041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.41638824343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.41465994715690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.3945586085319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3201255798339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23023030161857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21806177496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18461570143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1045091450214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80056832","https://openalex.org/W2091190355","https://openalex.org/W2156580264","https://openalex.org/W2181854537","https://openalex.org/W2209227144","https://openalex.org/W2311430799","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2740168486","https://openalex.org/W2807883874","https://openalex.org/W2984060428","https://openalex.org/W4233117877","https://openalex.org/W4285158151","https://openalex.org/W4285197146","https://openalex.org/W4285210921","https://openalex.org/W4285266471","https://openalex.org/W4285815433","https://openalex.org/W4289129109","https://openalex.org/W4312092234","https://openalex.org/W4312092250","https://openalex.org/W4312347107","https://openalex.org/W4312348893","https://openalex.org/W4376116942","https://openalex.org/W4376454749","https://openalex.org/W4376454839","https://openalex.org/W6752134605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144659310","https://openalex.org/W193702574","https://openalex.org/W2096476291","https://openalex.org/W1523214805","https://openalex.org/W4294771049","https://openalex.org/W2559040841","https://openalex.org/W2341426843","https://openalex.org/W2131711534","https://openalex.org/W4389247473","https://openalex.org/W2154415461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"today's":[1],"digital":[2],"environment,":[3],"hate":[4,71,101,125,137,164],"speech,":[5],"which":[6,55],"is":[7,41,56,120],"defined":[8],"as":[9,119],"disparaging":[10],"and":[11,24,53,58,77,109,115,158,183,192],"discriminating":[12],"communication":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,31,113],"personal":[16],"characteristics,":[17],"presents":[18],"a":[19,90,143,181],"big":[20],"difficulty.":[21],"Hate":[22],"crimes":[23],"the":[25,67,98,121,133,152,178,190],"rising":[26],"amount":[27],"of":[28,38,47,93,100,105,135,146,194],"such":[29,106],"content":[30,107],"social":[32],"media":[33],"platforms":[34],"are":[35,117],"two":[36],"examples":[37],"how":[39],"it":[40],"having":[42],"an":[43],"impact.":[44],"Large":[45],"volumes":[46],"textual":[48],"data":[49],"require":[50],"manual":[51],"analysis":[52,92,145],"categorization,":[54],"tedious":[57],"subject":[59],"to":[60,69,81,88,131],"prejudice.":[61],"Machine":[62],"learning":[63],"(ML)":[64],"technologies":[65],"have":[66],"ability":[68],"automate":[70],"speech":[72,126,138,165],"identification":[73,99],"with":[74,155],"increased":[75],"objectivity":[76],"accuracy":[78,157],"in":[79,177],"order":[80],"overcome":[82],"these":[83],"constraints.":[84],"This":[85,128],"article":[86],"intends":[87,130],"give":[89],"comparative":[91,144],"various":[94,195],"ML":[95,147],"models":[96],"for":[97,123,163],"speech.":[102],"The":[103,167],"proliferation":[104],"online":[108,186],"its":[110],"negative":[111],"repercussions":[112],"people":[114],"society":[116],"explored,":[118],"necessity":[122],"automated":[124,172],"recognition.":[127],"paper":[129],"support":[132],"creation":[134],"efficient":[136],"detection":[139],"systems":[140],"by":[141,188],"performing":[142],"models.":[148],"Random":[149],"forest":[150],"records":[151],"best":[153],"performance":[154],"higher":[156],"low":[159],"response":[160],"delay":[161],"period":[162],"detection.":[166],"results":[168],"will":[169],"help":[170],"enhance":[171],"text":[173],"classification":[174],"algorithms":[175],"and,":[176],"end,":[179],"promote":[180],"safer":[182],"more":[184],"welcoming":[185],"environment":[187],"illuminating":[189],"benefits":[191],"drawbacks":[193],"approaches.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}