{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391266965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397694","title":"Unveiling the Language of Comics: Classifying Speech Balloons for Enhanced Analysis and Interpretation","display_name":"Unveiling the Language of Comics: Classifying Speech Balloons for Enhanced Analysis and Interpretation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391266965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008182555","display_name":"Rishu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rishu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University,Punjab,India","Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University,Punjab,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024147005","display_name":"Vinay Kukreja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-0824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay Kukreja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University,Punjab,India","Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University,Punjab,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047312965","display_name":"Vikrant Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-8657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikrant Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graphic Era Hill University,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India","Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graphic Era Hill University,Dehradun,Uttarakhand,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008182555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19333802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1193","last_page":"1198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.714744508266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6932063102722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6117888689041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.585549533367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comics","display_name":"Comics","score":0.569200336933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.5613502860069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5469302535057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5209195017814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.5020475387573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4913093149662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.48251864314079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4429367482662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4392542541027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4008171558380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13504907488822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07915687561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07345622777938843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.714744508266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6932063102722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6117888689041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.585549533367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.569200336933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5613502860069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5469302535057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5209195017814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5020475387573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4913093149662018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.48251864314079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4429367482662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4392542541027069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4008171558380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13504907488822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07915687561035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07345622777938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3i59117.2023.10397694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 6th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130616718","https://openalex.org/W2606318125","https://openalex.org/W2737160531","https://openalex.org/W2802093538","https://openalex.org/W2943619117","https://openalex.org/W2957141153","https://openalex.org/W2959250367","https://openalex.org/W2964280909","https://openalex.org/W3003908700","https://openalex.org/W3011506937","https://openalex.org/W3024229059","https://openalex.org/W3036560982","https://openalex.org/W3139311866","https://openalex.org/W3155673959","https://openalex.org/W3161281936","https://openalex.org/W3164212494","https://openalex.org/W4224995224","https://openalex.org/W4285038826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W4367460280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,175],"study":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,14,93,118,167],"new":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,188],"classifying":[7,163],"speech":[8,41,64,164],"balloons":[9,165],"in":[10,54,99,162],"comic":[11,194],"images,":[12],"utilizing":[13],"combination":[15],"of":[16,29,40,45,96,102,140,170,181,193],"Convolutional":[17],"Neural":[18],"Networks":[19],"(CNN)":[20],"and":[21,59,123,184,191],"Random":[22],"Forest":[23],"(RF)":[24],"algorithms.":[25],"The":[26,43,104,149],"primary":[27],"objective":[28],"the":[30,46,87,100,113,126,133,138,179,189],"proposed":[31],"model":[32,47],"is":[33],"to":[34,72,84,90,110,116,156,178],"accurately":[35],"distinguish":[36],"between":[37,121],"various":[38],"classes":[39],"balloons.":[42],"evaluation":[44],"yields":[48],"promising":[49],"results,":[50],"indicating":[51],"its":[52,147,159],"efficacy":[53],"achieving":[55],"high":[56,168],"precision,":[57],"recall,":[58],"F1":[60,105],"scores":[61],"across":[62,172],"most":[63],"balloon":[65],"classes.":[66,103,174],"Precision":[67],"values":[68,80],"range":[69,81],"from":[70,82,108,154],"89.00%":[71],"96.64%,":[73],"denoting":[74],"accurate":[75],"positive":[76,97],"predictions.":[77],"Similarly,":[78],"recall":[79],"88.89%":[83],"95.57%,":[85],"showcasing":[86],"model's":[88,114,150],"capability":[89],"effectively":[91],"capture":[92],"substantial":[94],"portion":[95],"instances":[98,141],"majority":[101],"scores,":[106],"ranging":[107,153],"89.14%":[109],"96.10%,":[111],"highlight":[112],"ability":[115],"strike":[117],"favorable":[119],"balance":[120],"precision":[122,171],"recall.":[124],"Additionally,":[125],"support":[127],"values,":[128,152],"which":[129],"provide":[130],"insights":[131,187],"into":[132],"dataset's":[134],"distribution":[135],"by":[136],"reflecting":[137],"number":[139],"per":[142],"class,":[143],"shed":[144],"light":[145],"on":[146],"characteristics.":[148],"accuracy":[151],"0.97":[155],"0.99,":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"overall":[160],"correctness":[161],"with":[166],"level":[169],"all":[173],"research":[176],"contributes":[177],"field":[180],"image":[182],"classification":[183],"offers":[185],"valuable":[186],"analysis":[190],"understanding":[192],"images.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}