{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974072037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2019.8844877","title":"VMAnalyzer: Malware Semantic Analysis using Integrated CNN and Bi-Directional LSTM for Detecting VM-level Attacks in Cloud","display_name":"VMAnalyzer: Malware Semantic Analysis using Integrated CNN and Bi-Directional LSTM for Detecting VM-level Attacks in Cloud","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974072037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2019.8844877","mag":"2974072037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3.2019.8844877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2019.8844877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Twelfth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071738342","display_name":"Preeti Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-0887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Preeti Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051544769","display_name":"Kashish Khurana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashish Khurana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102976589","display_name":"Saloni Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-9143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saloni Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051321101","display_name":"Manish Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-301X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60054993","display_name":"Graphic Era University","ror":"https://ror.org/03wqgqd89","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish K. Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071738342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60054993"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95330108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8575001955032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.849427342414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.823817253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.756720781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5974452495574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5475923418998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4800166189670563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4637283682823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4572344720363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4395413100719452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elasticity","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","score":0.4252849221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.41864654421806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33394449949264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.30925774574279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2622312307357788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8575001955032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.849427342414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.823817253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.756720781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5974452495574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5475923418998718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4800166189670563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4637283682823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4572344720363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4395413100719452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4252849221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.41864654421806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33394449949264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30925774574279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2622312307357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3.2019.8844877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2019.8844877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Twelfth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1973403081","https://openalex.org/W2043491664","https://openalex.org/W2540282505","https://openalex.org/W2580663612","https://openalex.org/W2769581371","https://openalex.org/W2890788316","https://openalex.org/W2963106521","https://openalex.org/W4297747285","https://openalex.org/W6729130510","https://openalex.org/W6745899033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W2249809453","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3019910406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"computing":[1,35],"is":[2,133,176,193],"one":[3],"of":[4,33,43,53,65,114,117,146,165,167,201,229],"the":[5,10,26,29,41,49,63,111,119,124,139,155,199],"most":[6],"emerging":[7],"field":[8],"in":[9,79,105,150,220],"IT":[11],"Industry":[12],"which":[13,92],"provides":[14,154],"scalable,":[15],"expandable":[16],"and":[17,31,51,69,122,137,197,234],"almost":[18],"perfectly":[19],"elastic":[20],"software":[21],"or":[22],"hardware":[23],"services":[24,36],"to":[25,135,181,237],"users.":[27],"As":[28],"scalability":[30],"elasticity":[32],"cloud":[34,106],"increases,":[37],"it":[38,61],"also":[39,162],"increases":[40],"risk":[42],"malicious":[44,202],"intervention":[45],"into":[46],"cloud.":[47,80,221],"Since":[48],"number":[50,145],"types":[52],"malware":[54,71,218],"attacks":[55,102],"are":[56],"increasing":[57],"day":[58],"by":[59],"day,":[60],"triggers":[62],"need":[64],"an":[66],"efficient,":[67],"robust":[68],"scalable":[70],"detection":[72,219],"approach":[73,212,223],"for":[74,100,157,195,217],"securing":[75],"virtual":[76],"domains":[77],"running":[78],"In":[81,127,185],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"a":[86,179],"dynamic":[87],"analysis":[88],"approach,":[89],"called":[90],"VMAnalyzer":[91,109],"applies":[93],"deep":[94],"learning":[95,98,196],"based":[96],"machine":[97],"techniques":[99],"detecting":[101,198],"at":[103],"VM-layer":[104],"environment.":[107],"The":[108,173,222],"extracts":[110],"ordered":[112],"sequence":[113],"system":[115,141,203],"calls":[116],"all":[118],"monitored":[120],"programs":[121],"performs":[123],"two-layer":[125],"classification.":[126],"layer-1,":[128],"convolutional":[129],"neural":[130],"network":[131],"(CNN)":[132],"applied":[134,194],"extract":[136],"select":[138],"relevant":[140],"call":[142,204],"sequences.":[143,205],"A":[144],"potentially":[147],"diverse":[148],"layers":[149],"CNN":[151],"not":[152],"only":[153],"architecture":[156],"important":[158],"feature":[159],"extraction":[160],"but":[161],"take":[163],"care":[164],"convolution":[166],"n-grams":[168],"with":[169],"full":[170],"sequential":[171],"modelling.":[172],"layer-1":[174],"output":[175],"fed":[177],"as":[178],"input":[180],"layer-2":[182],"using":[183,227],"pipelining.":[184],"layer-2,":[186],"Bi-Directional":[187],"Long":[188],"Short":[189],"Term":[190],"Memory":[191],"(LSTM)":[192],"behavior":[200],"Our":[206],"evaluation":[207],"results":[208,235],"demonstrate":[209],"that":[210],"our":[211],"outperforms":[213],"previously":[214],"used":[215],"methods":[216],"has":[224],"been":[225],"validated":[226],"University":[228],"New":[230],"Maxico":[231],"(UNM)":[232],"dataset":[233],"seem":[236],"be":[238],"promising.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}