{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2745720202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2017.8284294","title":"Adversarial attacks on computer vision algorithms using natural perturbations","display_name":"Adversarial attacks on computer vision algorithms using natural perturbations","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2745720202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2017.8284294","mag":"2745720202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3.2017.8284294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2017.8284294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Tenth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/7583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028188095","display_name":"Arvind Ramanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-5488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Ramanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Oak Ridge, National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Oak Ridge, National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054449288","display_name":"Laura Pullum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Pullum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Oak Ridge, National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Oak Ridge, National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046199982","display_name":"Zubir Husein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubir Husein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014189824","display_name":"Sunny Raj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-1642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunny Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034772782","display_name":"Neslisah Torosdagli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-1876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neslisah Torosdagli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089717690","display_name":"Sumanta Pattanaik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0016-8703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumanta Pattanaik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075978538","display_name":"Sumit Kumar Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumit K. Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028188095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72238973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.9067481756210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7837486863136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.6451886892318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.598932683467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5671672224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.5016326904296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47795629501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4663464426994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4475748836994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3763730823993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32528817653656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2793083190917969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.9067481756210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837486863136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.6451886892318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.598932683467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5671672224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5016326904296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47795629501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4663464426994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4475748836994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3763730823993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32528817653656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2793083190917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic3.2017.8284294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3.2017.8284294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Tenth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2015-8582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/7583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2015-2019","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2015-8582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/7583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2015-2019","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24139812","https://openalex.org/W197484898","https://openalex.org/W321648571","https://openalex.org/W1516256348","https://openalex.org/W1553069021","https://openalex.org/W1631091010","https://openalex.org/W1714370737","https://openalex.org/W1745177676","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1966832848","https://openalex.org/W1981463101","https://openalex.org/W1999890019","https://openalex.org/W2022306346","https://openalex.org/W2042243351","https://openalex.org/W2061438988","https://openalex.org/W2094245104","https://openalex.org/W2105357036","https://openalex.org/W2136310957","https://openalex.org/W2156566307","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2187877229","https://openalex.org/W2274565976","https://openalex.org/W2460937040","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W2914275007","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W4247368782","https://openalex.org/W4253970047","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W6650147804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1870444468","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W3109748140","https://openalex.org/W2045053268","https://openalex.org/W2767833206","https://openalex.org/W2433492094","https://openalex.org/W1556327589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Verifying":[0],"the":[1,12,33,59,66,125],"correctness":[2],"of":[3,14,22,36,61,101,113,122,131],"intelligent":[4,132],"embedded":[5],"systems":[6,134],"is":[7,44],"notoriously":[8],"difficult":[9],"due":[10,48],"to":[11,46,49,68,95,110,124],"use":[13],"machine":[15],"learning":[16],"algorithms":[17,92],"that":[18,32,89],"cannot":[19],"provide":[20],"guarantees":[21],"deterministic":[23],"correctness.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"our":[28,62],"validation":[29,129],"efforts":[30],"demonstrate":[31],"OpenCV":[34],"Histogram":[35],"Oriented":[37],"Gradients":[38],"(HOG)":[39],"implementation":[40],"for":[41],"human":[42],"detection":[43],"susceptible":[45,94],"errors":[47,96],"both":[50],"malicious":[51],"perturbations":[52,104],"and":[53,118,128],"naturally":[54,102],"occurring":[55,103],"fog":[56],"phenomena.":[57],"To":[58],"best":[60],"knowledge,":[63],"we":[64],"are":[65,93,108],"first":[67],"explicitly":[69],"employ":[70],"a":[71,98,111],"natural":[72],"perturbation":[73],"(like":[74],"fog)":[75],"as":[76,136],"an":[77],"adversarial":[78],"attack":[79],"using":[80],"methods":[81,117],"from":[82],"computer":[83,90],"graphics.":[84],"Our":[85,116],"experimental":[86],"results":[87,119],"show":[88],"vision":[91],"under":[97],"small":[99],"set":[100],"even":[105],"if":[106],"they":[107],"robust":[109],"majority":[112],"such":[114,135],"perturbations.":[115],"may":[120],"be":[121],"interest":[123],"designers,":[126],"developers":[127],"teams":[130],"cyber-physical":[133],"autonomous":[137],"cars.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}