{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391149045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10390856","title":"Energy Efficient Routing for Fso-Rf Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Energy Efficient Routing for Fso-Rf Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391149045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10390856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10390856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10390856","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 8th IEEE International Conference on Network Intelligence and Digital Content (IC-NIDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616820","display_name":"Qi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-3283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013311265","display_name":"Nei Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nei Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007662359","display_name":"Fengxiao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-4802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengxiao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100616820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.93,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75436815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"254","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7162461280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6207217574119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.506435751914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5055031776428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5038256049156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4847095012664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4595036208629608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.4569762647151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.45633262395858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.4243171811103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4146578907966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.33972087502479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.323243647813797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2352825403213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1684509813785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09218469262123108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7162461280822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6207217574119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.506435751914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5055031776428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5038256049156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4847095012664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4595036208629608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.4569762647151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.45633262395858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.4243171811103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4146578907966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.33972087502479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.323243647813797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2352825403213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1684509813785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09218469262123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10390856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ic-nidc59918.2023.10390856","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 8th IEEE International Conference on Network Intelligence and Digital Content (IC-NIDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3723536152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ000254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325628","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325628","display_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs1pz50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W3126434732","https://openalex.org/W4285118548","https://openalex.org/W4293057648","https://openalex.org/W4309855207","https://openalex.org/W4312795736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120137201","https://openalex.org/W2123812631","https://openalex.org/W1655019438","https://openalex.org/W2950120971","https://openalex.org/W2543752581","https://openalex.org/W1975971517","https://openalex.org/W2149136852","https://openalex.org/W2904118576","https://openalex.org/W2163375631","https://openalex.org/W2395854216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Space-Air-Ground":[0],"Integrated":[1],"Network":[2],"(SAGIN)":[3],"is":[4,98,144],"a":[5,33,100,133],"promising":[6],"architecture":[7],"for":[8,32],"next-generation":[9],"wireless":[10,37],"networks.":[11,131],"It":[12],"combines":[13],"satellite":[14],"networks,":[15,17,20],"aerial":[16],"and":[18,29,54,73,78,91],"terrestrial":[19,130],"offering":[21],"ubiquitous":[22],"global":[23],"network":[24,76,115,167],"services":[25],"to":[26,70,93,118,146],"ground":[27],"users":[28],"enhancing":[30],"connectivity":[31],"wide":[34],"range":[35],"of":[36,50],"communications.":[38],"Additionally,":[39],"free-space":[40],"optical":[41],"(FSO)":[42],"communication":[43],"has":[44],"gained":[45],"more":[46],"attention":[47],"recently":[48],"because":[49],"its":[51],"energy":[52],"efficiency":[53,64],"exceptional":[55],"high-speed":[56],"data":[57,62,96,121],"delivery":[58],"capabilities.":[59],"However,":[60],"the":[61,71,85,127,162],"transmission":[63,80],"in":[65,89],"SAGIN":[66],"remains":[67],"limited":[68,86],"due":[69],"dynamic":[72,148],"time-":[74],"varying":[75],"topology":[77],"long-distance":[79],"link.":[81],"Moreover,":[82],"efficiently":[83],"utilizing":[84],"power":[87],"resources":[88],"satellites":[90],"aircraft":[92],"achieve":[94],"effective":[95],"routing":[97,151],"still":[99],"crucial":[101],"challenge.":[102],"To":[103],"address":[104],"these":[105],"issues,":[106],"we":[107],"construct":[108],"an":[109],"FSO/radio":[110],"frequency":[111],"(RF)":[112],"space-air-ground":[113],"integrated":[114],"that":[116,161],"aims":[117],"enable":[119],"large-scale":[120],"trans-mission":[122],"as":[123,125],"well":[124],"degrading":[126],"burden":[128],"on":[129],"Furthermore,":[132],"decentralized":[134],"deep-Q":[135],"network-based":[136],"reinforcement":[137],"learning":[138],"with":[139,171],"two":[140],"hops":[141],"node":[142],"information":[143],"proposed":[145,163],"execute":[147],"energy-efficient":[149],"hybrid":[150],"while":[152],"ensuring":[153],"system":[154],"load":[155],"balancing.":[156],"The":[157],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"method":[164],"reaches":[165],"significant":[166],"performance":[168],"improvement":[169],"compared":[170],"baseline":[172],"methods.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}