{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136694734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iat.2003.1241146","title":"Modeling the behaviors of players in competitive environments","display_name":"Modeling the behaviors of players in competitive environments","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136694734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iat.2003.1241146","mag":"2136694734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iat.2003.1241146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iat.2003.1241146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2003. IAT 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111777320","display_name":"Shih-Yang Chiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Yang Chiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Systems, Lancaster University, UK","Dept. of Commun. syst., Lancaster Univ., UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Systems, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Commun. syst., Lancaster Univ., UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110284744","display_name":"C.S. Xydeas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.S. Xydeas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Systems, Lancaster University, UK","Dept. of Commun. syst., Lancaster Univ., UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Systems, Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Commun. syst., Lancaster Univ., UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74417958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"566","last_page":"569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7984757423400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7745161056518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6917524337768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5254960656166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5018360614776611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.48761287331581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4790176749229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4730343520641327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.46978774666786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.45223328471183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.4114009141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3779352009296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.3034696877002716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7984757423400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7745161056518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6917524337768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5254960656166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5018360614776611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.48761287331581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4790176749229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4730343520641327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.46978774666786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.45223328471183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.4114009141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3779352009296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3034696877002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iat.2003.1241146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iat.2003.1241146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2003. IAT 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:57497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/57497/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31054132","https://openalex.org/W1542537254","https://openalex.org/W2093135704","https://openalex.org/W2112351417","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2207662037","https://openalex.org/W2244755963","https://openalex.org/W6601287229","https://openalex.org/W6632300202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W2082284720","https://openalex.org/W2194396582","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W2537260108","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W4233405330","https://openalex.org/W2792905593","https://openalex.org/W1977445474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,73],"paper":[1,30],"is":[2,18,40,58,122],"concerned":[3],"with":[4],"the":[5,8,29,48,75,87,91,102],"modeling":[6,37,103],"of":[7,10,26,50,65,77,90,106,110,112,139],"behavior":[9,52,63,83],"players":[11,23],"operating":[12],"in":[13,80,124,137],"a":[14,32,54,125],"competitive":[15],"environment":[16],"that":[17,39,60],"characterized":[19],"by":[20],"interactions":[21],"amongst":[22],"or":[24],"groups":[25,111],"players.":[27],"Thus":[28],"describes":[31],"new,":[33],"online,":[34],"hierarchical,":[35],"probabilistic":[36,55],"architecture":[38],"based":[41],"on":[42],"hidden":[43],"Markov":[44],"models":[45],"(HMMs).":[46],"For":[47],"purpose":[49],"online":[51],"recognition,":[53],"decision":[56],"tree":[57],"implemented":[59],"accepts":[61],"HMM":[62],"probabilities":[64],"player":[66,95],"and":[67,104,130],"effectively":[68],"segments":[69],"their":[70],"behavior-with-time":[71],"trajectories.":[72],"allows":[74,93],"location":[76],"important":[78],"points":[79],"time":[81],"where":[82],"changes":[84],"occur.":[85],"Furthermore,":[86],"hierarchical":[88],"nature":[89],"system":[92,121,131],"individual":[94],"classification":[96,105],"results":[97,134],"to":[98],"be":[99],"used":[100],"towards":[101],"higher-level":[107],"tactical":[108],"behaviors":[109],"players,":[113],"as":[114],"defined":[115],"within":[116],"an":[117],"application":[118],"envelope.":[119],"The":[120],"applied":[123],"relatively":[126],"simple":[127],"\"air-patrol\"":[128],"scenario":[129],"simulation":[132],"performance":[133],"are":[135],"provided":[136],"terms":[138],"certain":[140],"useful":[141],"metrics.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}