{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411271562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias55788.2024.11023669","title":"Impedance and Reactive Power Sensitivity-Based Vulnerability Assessment of Power Grid with High Penetration of Distributed Energy Resources","display_name":"Impedance and Reactive Power Sensitivity-Based Vulnerability Assessment of Power Grid with High Penetration of Distributed Energy Resources","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411271562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias55788.2024.11023669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias55788.2024.11023669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias55788.2024.11023669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083617201","display_name":"Roopa Ramachandran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roopa Ramachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of North Carolina at Charlotte,Charlotte,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina at Charlotte,Charlotte,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022513524","display_name":"Sukumar Kamalasadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5276-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukumar Kamalasadan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of North Carolina at Charlotte,Charlotte,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina at Charlotte,Charlotte,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53711875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.6408907175064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetration","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","score":0.6244494318962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5548645853996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5410385131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5308899283409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.519280195236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4459362030029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44566431641578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44550126791000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.42995685338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3983739912509918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33797597885131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.330020010471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.23039615154266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19326335191726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18898946046829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.130153626203537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09818315505981445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.6408907175064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.6244494318962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5548645853996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5410385131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5308899283409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.519280195236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4459362030029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44566431641578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44550126791000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.42995685338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3983739912509918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33797597885131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.330020010471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.23039615154266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19326335191726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18898946046829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.130153626203537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09818315505981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias55788.2024.11023669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias55788.2024.11023669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5608465815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-EE0008774","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337712","funder_display_name":"Solar Energy Technologies Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02xznz413"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337712","display_name":"Solar Energy Technologies Office","ror":"https://ror.org/033jmdj81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975272849","https://openalex.org/W2000779200","https://openalex.org/W2028932385","https://openalex.org/W2057095786","https://openalex.org/W2076864059","https://openalex.org/W2127048268","https://openalex.org/W2162488951","https://openalex.org/W2171137858","https://openalex.org/W2230317998","https://openalex.org/W2340502785","https://openalex.org/W2473998486","https://openalex.org/W2616591171","https://openalex.org/W2618656593","https://openalex.org/W2767145126","https://openalex.org/W2768351389","https://openalex.org/W2888771186","https://openalex.org/W2900629100","https://openalex.org/W2902231727","https://openalex.org/W2923506072","https://openalex.org/W2973227021","https://openalex.org/W3041252221","https://openalex.org/W3094117708","https://openalex.org/W3114789136","https://openalex.org/W3139271619","https://openalex.org/W3194684099","https://openalex.org/W3208930331","https://openalex.org/W3215232958","https://openalex.org/W3217296435","https://openalex.org/W4320726579","https://openalex.org/W4324195784","https://openalex.org/W4384927066","https://openalex.org/W4387006059","https://openalex.org/W4387163427","https://openalex.org/W6767698511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035753757","https://openalex.org/W4312311708","https://openalex.org/W2057618511","https://openalex.org/W2157275880","https://openalex.org/W2382736794","https://openalex.org/W4292200990","https://openalex.org/W2414313142","https://openalex.org/W2006004274","https://openalex.org/W2372464858","https://openalex.org/W2893865120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"system":[1,37,178],"operators":[2],"are":[3,68],"concerned":[4],"with":[5,138,144,149],"quantifying":[6],"the":[7,33,62,84,94,108,120,128,131,170,177],"impact":[8],"of":[9,35,76,93,130,142],"disruption":[10],"from":[11,17,110,123],"cyber":[12,184],"and":[13,21,83,172],"physical":[14,186],"attacks":[15,100],"evolved":[16],"modern":[18],"grid":[19,23],"events":[20],"advancing":[22],"automation.":[24],"Specifically,":[25],"there":[26],"is":[27,96],"a":[28,139],"growing":[29],"need":[30],"to":[31,41,56,119,180],"predict":[32,57],"vulnerability":[34,53],"various":[36,158],"assets":[38],"in":[39,169],"response":[40],"Distributed":[42],"Energy":[43],"Resources":[44],"(DER)":[45],"performance.":[46],"This":[47],"research":[48],"focuses":[49],"on":[50,81,87,101],"developing":[51],"load":[52,58,116],"indices":[54,132],"(LVI)":[55],"buses":[59],"that":[60],"experience":[61],"highest":[63],"voltage":[64,113,151],"deviations":[65,152],"when":[66],"DERs":[67],"attacked":[69],"randomly.":[70],"The":[71,91,125,162],"study":[72],"develops":[73],"two":[74],"families":[75],"metrics":[77,95],"-":[78],"one":[79],"based":[80,86],"impedance":[82],"other":[85],"reactive":[88],"power":[89],"sensitivity.":[90],"performance":[92],"compared":[97],"for":[98,153,183],"random":[99,159],"DER":[102],"outputs.":[103],"Spearman":[104,145],"rank":[105],"correlation":[106],"compares":[107],"rankings":[109,137],"actual":[111,150],"absolute":[112],"deviation":[114],"at":[115],"bus":[117],"nodes":[118],"orders":[121],"predicted":[122],"LVI's.":[124],"results":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"robustness":[129],"by":[133,176],"predicting":[134],"vulnerable":[135],"node":[136],"high":[140],"degree":[141],"certainty":[143],"correlations":[146],"above":[147],"0.8":[148],"different":[154],"loading":[155],"conditions":[156],"under":[157],"attack":[160],"scenarios.":[161],"proposed":[163],"architecture":[164],"can":[165,173],"be":[166,174],"directly":[167],"implemented":[168],"field":[171],"used":[175],"operator":[179],"develop":[181],"countermeasures":[182],"or":[185],"attacks.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}