{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309757637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias54023.2022.9939796","title":"Control Techniques for Grid Forming Inverters: A Comparative Analysis","display_name":"Control Techniques for Grid Forming Inverters: A Comparative Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309757637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias54023.2022.9939796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias54023.2022.9939796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias54023.2022.9939796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605619","display_name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081003164","display_name":"Cameron Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-8306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087197226","display_name":"Ameen Gargoom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-4993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ameen Gargoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340328","display_name":"Mohammad Taufiqul Arif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-3235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. T. Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080959197","display_name":"Md Enamul Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-2181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Enamul Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Power & Energy Research (CSPER), School of Engineering, Deakin University,Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle (REEV) Research Lab,Geelong,VIC,Australia,3216","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9287583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.7281361222267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6691235303878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6306357979774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactance","display_name":"Reactance","score":0.6156530380249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.6073698401451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.4960547387599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.450408011674881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source","display_name":"Voltage source","score":0.4466003179550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.43904024362564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.4267342686653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3539718985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3496938645839691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.33341526985168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2994685769081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26609665155410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.23448878526687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22192221879959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0820150375366211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.7281361222267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6691235303878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6306357979774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176661527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746935","display_name":"Reactance","level":3,"score":0.6156530380249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201320609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274420","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","level":3,"score":0.6073698401451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.4960547387599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.450408011674881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144655898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161128","display_name":"Voltage source","level":3,"score":0.4466003179550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.43904024362564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4267342686653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3539718985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3496938645839691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.33341526985168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2994685769081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26609665155410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.23448878526687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22192221879959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0820150375366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias54023.2022.9939796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias54023.2022.9939796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605619","display_name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993960457","https://openalex.org/W2343677390","https://openalex.org/W2593249465","https://openalex.org/W2889531127","https://openalex.org/W2964015080","https://openalex.org/W2973818296","https://openalex.org/W2976250784","https://openalex.org/W2992551208","https://openalex.org/W2995628980","https://openalex.org/W2996323006","https://openalex.org/W2996540014","https://openalex.org/W3037810009","https://openalex.org/W3085566079","https://openalex.org/W3108610636","https://openalex.org/W3184100985","https://openalex.org/W3196174740","https://openalex.org/W3200409703","https://openalex.org/W3215341229","https://openalex.org/W4205558024","https://openalex.org/W4214769712","https://openalex.org/W6780197424","https://openalex.org/W6806100640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375389071","https://openalex.org/W2903648507","https://openalex.org/W2529755282","https://openalex.org/W4379525856","https://openalex.org/W4213134919","https://openalex.org/W2077073890","https://openalex.org/W2766311747","https://openalex.org/W4231913803","https://openalex.org/W2269166041","https://openalex.org/W2751689184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"renewable":[1],"power":[2],"generation":[3,17],"is":[4,165],"increasingly":[5],"integrated":[6],"with":[7,168],"the":[8,13,62,80,107,157,163],"grid,":[9],"challenges":[10],"arising":[11],"from":[12],"removal":[14],"of":[15,28,36,64,119,141,162],"synchronous":[16,65,91],"are":[18,54,94,113,121],"being":[19],"highlighted":[20],"in":[21,24,84,125,156],"research":[22],"and":[23,45,82,93,110,123,134,148,154,159],"practice.":[25],"The":[26,137],"reduction":[27],"grid":[29,46,108,152],"inertia":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32,60,88,96],"large":[33],"scale":[34],"integration":[35],"inverter-based":[37],"resources":[38],"(IBR)":[39],"has":[40],"impacts":[41],"on":[42],"system":[43],"strength":[44],"stability":[47],"during":[48],"transient":[49],"events.":[50],"Grid-Forming":[51],"(GFM)":[52],"inverters":[53,77],"gaining":[55],"popularity":[56],"for":[57],"their":[58,169],"ability":[59],"replicate":[61],"dynamics":[63],"generation.":[66],"Serving":[67],"as":[68,101,103],"a":[69,74,85,89],"voltage":[70,81],"source":[71],"coupled":[72],"through":[73],"reactance,":[75],"GFM":[76,115],"can":[78],"regulate":[79],"frequency":[83,109],"similar":[86],"fashion":[87],"bulk":[90],"generator":[92],"able":[95],"complete":[97],"black":[98],"start":[99],"operations":[100],"well":[102],"operate":[104],"independently,":[105],"setting":[106],"voltage.":[111],"There":[112],"several":[114],"control":[116,143],"methods,":[117],"three":[118],"which":[120],"implemented":[122],"analysed":[124],"this":[126],"paper;":[127],"droop":[128],"control,":[129],"dispatchable":[130],"virtual":[131],"oscillator":[132],"(dVOC)":[133],"matching":[135],"control.":[136],"MATLAB":[138],"simulation":[139],"results":[140],"each":[142],"method":[144],"under":[145,151],"steady":[146],"state,":[147],"dynamic":[149],"conditions":[150],"disturbances":[153],"faults":[155],"DC":[158],"AC":[160],"side":[161],"converter":[164],"presented":[166],"together":[167],"comparative":[170],"analysis.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}