{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206426535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias48185.2021.9677451","title":"Analog Front-end: Circuit of Pulsar-based Timing Synchronization for WAMS","display_name":"Analog Front-end: Circuit of Pulsar-based Timing Synchronization for WAMS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206426535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias48185.2021.9677451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias48185.2021.9677451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias48185.2021.9677451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605335","display_name":"2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056837698","display_name":"Wei Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Hunan University, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075992669","display_name":"He Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-3543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425232","display_name":"Liang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060851857","display_name":"Xiqian Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiqian Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078457934","display_name":"Kaiqi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiqi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000148796","display_name":"Wenxuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-2196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802706902","display_name":"Knoxville College","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxrp522","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Hunan University, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704","https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028455892","display_name":"Shutang You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-3643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shutang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920116","display_name":"Yilu Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tennessee,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science,Knoxville,TN,USA,37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056837698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8490566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuator","display_name":"Attenuator (electronics)","score":0.6295417547225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-principle","display_name":"Superposition principle","score":0.5875759124755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsar","display_name":"Pulsar","score":0.5581579208374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4953085482120514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.49519506096839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48273250460624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-front-end","display_name":"Analog front-end","score":0.47741591930389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4770966172218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4752780497074127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telescope","display_name":"Telescope","score":0.44313934445381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.40565866231918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.1974104642868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1621786653995514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.156735360622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14456972479820251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174847166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269728","display_name":"Attenuator (electronics)","level":3,"score":0.6295417547225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.5875759124755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.5581579208374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4953085482120514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.49519506096839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48273250460624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002927","display_name":"Analog front-end","level":3,"score":0.47741591930389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4770966172218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4752780497074127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4213","display_name":"Telescope","level":2,"score":0.44313934445381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40565866231918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.1974104642868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1621786653995514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.156735360622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14456972479820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias48185.2021.9677451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias48185.2021.9677451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605335","display_name":"2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098382212","https://openalex.org/W2157879025","https://openalex.org/W2244802101","https://openalex.org/W2414302777","https://openalex.org/W2529381469","https://openalex.org/W2566655345","https://openalex.org/W2706701605","https://openalex.org/W2906717938","https://openalex.org/W2969898761","https://openalex.org/W2971655874","https://openalex.org/W3007397084","https://openalex.org/W3014177131","https://openalex.org/W3015217941","https://openalex.org/W3047088479","https://openalex.org/W3048559674","https://openalex.org/W3088825222","https://openalex.org/W3091954152","https://openalex.org/W3100045756","https://openalex.org/W3107056776","https://openalex.org/W3127171590","https://openalex.org/W3127982165","https://openalex.org/W3134285550","https://openalex.org/W3149417837","https://openalex.org/W3161160973","https://openalex.org/W4292744802","https://openalex.org/W4294365478","https://openalex.org/W6718651418","https://openalex.org/W6781305061","https://openalex.org/W6784665311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742212520","https://openalex.org/W2019044074","https://openalex.org/W2744701634","https://openalex.org/W4247909714","https://openalex.org/W1988799405","https://openalex.org/W4391311879","https://openalex.org/W2079771749","https://openalex.org/W2146322466","https://openalex.org/W3144946090","https://openalex.org/W1974376478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,118],"front-end":[1],"circuit":[2,36],"used":[3,88],"in":[4,34,73],"the":[5,9,13,16,35,52,56,69,91,95,103,109,122],"pulse":[6,65,111,114],"acquisition":[7],"of":[8,15,94],"radio":[10,32],"telescope":[11,33],"determines":[12],"availability":[14],"entire":[17],"pulsar-based":[18,81],"timing":[19,82,92],"framework.":[20],"However,":[21],"it":[22],"would":[23],"be":[24,87],"expensive":[25],"and":[26,59,76,112,130,133],"resource-consuming":[27],"to":[28,50,68,89,101],"use":[29],"a":[30,80],"real":[31,70,113],"design":[37],"process.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"three":[42],"Analog":[43],"Front-end":[44],"Circuit":[45],"Architectures":[46],"(AFCAs)":[47],"are":[48,116],"proposed":[49],"generate":[51,127],"analog":[53,104,128],"pulse,":[54],"including":[55],"superposition,":[57],"attenuator,":[58],"attenuator-based":[60],"superposition":[61],"structures.":[62],"generated":[64],"is":[66,99,131],"close":[67],"pulsar":[71],"signal":[72],"shape,":[74],"amplitude,":[75],"noise":[77],"level.":[78],"Next,":[79],"synchronization":[83],"framework":[84],"that":[85,121],"can":[86,125],"improve":[90],"accuracy":[93],"wide-area":[96],"monitoring":[97],"systems":[98],"developed":[100],"process":[102],"data.":[105],"Multiple":[106],"experiments":[107],"using":[108],"simulated":[110],"signals":[115],"conducted.":[117],"results":[119],"demonstrated":[120],"designed":[123],"AFCAs":[124],"easily":[126],"pulses,":[129],"convenient":[132],"adjustable.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
