{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034160704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.2013.6682484","title":"Offshore wind farms integration and frequency support control utilizing hybrid multi-terminal HVDC transmission","display_name":"Offshore wind farms integration and frequency support control utilizing hybrid multi-terminal HVDC transmission","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034160704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.2013.6682484","mag":"2034160704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias.2013.6682484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.2013.6682484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756596","display_name":"Chenghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0900-9063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672785","display_name":"Zhan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-3645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641767","display_name":"Jinyu Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-727X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-yu Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038358851","display_name":"Meiqi Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-8851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36169673","display_name":"Alstom (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00t4db855","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36169673"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei-qi Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALSTOM Grid Technology Center (China) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China","ALSTOM Grid Technol. Center (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALSTOM Grid Technology Center (China) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALSTOM Grid Technol. Center (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36169673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077040494","display_name":"Naihu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36169673","display_name":"Alstom (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00t4db855","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36169673"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nai-hu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALSTOM Grid Technology Center (China) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China","ALSTOM Grid Technol. Center (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALSTOM Grid Technology Center (China) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALSTOM Grid Technol. Center (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36169673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067950969","display_name":"Wei\u2010Jen Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-468X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-jen Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA","[University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100756596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85619138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-power","display_name":"Offshore wind power","score":0.7496456503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.735253095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.5987920761108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5494161248207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5229052901268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5116972923278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.47573304176330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4690466523170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.46870607137680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4449406564235687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.42206305265426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4175736904144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-system","display_name":"Transmission system","score":0.4172021746635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.41115105152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.39049968123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source","display_name":"Voltage source","score":0.3744133710861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3229783773422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2074618935585022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8735168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61637704","display_name":"Offshore wind power","level":3,"score":0.7496456503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.735253095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.5987920761108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5494161248207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5229052901268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5116972923278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.47573304176330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4690466523170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.46870607137680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4449406564235687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.42206305265426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4175736904144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.4172021746635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.41115105152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.39049968123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144655898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161128","display_name":"Voltage source","level":3,"score":0.3744133710861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3229783773422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2074618935585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ias.2013.6682484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ias.2013.6682484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134136811","https://openalex.org/W1979048789","https://openalex.org/W2078871156","https://openalex.org/W2101658764","https://openalex.org/W2107364233","https://openalex.org/W2108440093","https://openalex.org/W2109189685","https://openalex.org/W2112368985","https://openalex.org/W2120512524","https://openalex.org/W2120979343","https://openalex.org/W2135000777","https://openalex.org/W2146878104","https://openalex.org/W2154109036","https://openalex.org/W2169539087","https://openalex.org/W2175706334","https://openalex.org/W2179541134","https://openalex.org/W2535582402","https://openalex.org/W3139557007","https://openalex.org/W4238420150","https://openalex.org/W6605386756","https://openalex.org/W6678232776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766311747","https://openalex.org/W2529755282","https://openalex.org/W4379525856","https://openalex.org/W4213134919","https://openalex.org/W2077073890","https://openalex.org/W4231913803","https://openalex.org/W2269166041","https://openalex.org/W2751689184","https://openalex.org/W2977399316","https://openalex.org/W2409882009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposed":[2,49],"a":[3,21,37,71,85],"hybrid":[4],"multi-terminal":[5],"HVDC":[6],"(MTDC)":[7],"system":[8,41,45,135],"to":[9,16,100,132],"integrate":[10],"several":[11],"distributed":[12],"offshore":[13],"wind":[14,52,81,90],"farms":[15],"onshore":[17,27,110,147],"power":[18,77,107,119,148],"grids.":[19],"And":[20],"comprehensive":[22],"frequency":[23,143],"support":[24],"algorithm":[25],"for":[26,50,89,98],"grid":[28,58],"was":[29,121],"designed.":[30],"The":[31,125],"configuration":[32],"and":[33,57,83,105,123,142],"operation":[34],"principles":[35],"of":[36,145],"typical":[38],"4":[39],"terminals":[40],"are":[42,48,68],"described.":[43],"A":[44,112],"control":[46,95],"strategies":[47],"both":[51],"farm":[53,82],"side":[54,59],"VSCs":[55],"(WFVSCs)":[56],"LCCs":[60],"(GSLCCs).":[61],"To":[62],"obtain":[63],"smooth":[64],"operation,":[65],"the":[66,80,102,134],"WFVSCs":[67],"controlled":[69],"as":[70],"voltage":[72,88,104],"source":[73],"that":[74],"automatically":[75],"absorbs":[76],"generated":[78],"by":[79],"establish":[84],"stable":[86],"AC":[87],"turbines.":[91],"DC":[92,103],"voltage-current":[93],"droop":[94],"is":[96],"designed":[97,122],"GSLCCs":[99],"maintain":[101],"distribute":[106],"between":[108],"two":[109],"girds.":[111],"utility":[113],"black":[114,138],"start-up":[115],"process":[116],"without":[117],"auxiliary":[118],"supply":[120],"tested.":[124],"simulation":[126],"results":[127],"in":[128],"PSCAD/EMTDC":[129],"were":[130],"presented":[131],"demonstrate":[133],"performance":[136],"during":[137],"starting-up,":[139],"converter":[140],"disconnection":[141],"variation":[144],"one":[146],"grid.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}