{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414230807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ialp68296.2024.11156412","title":"Level-Tone Merger in Production and Perception: Study in Two Chinese Min Dialects","display_name":"Level-Tone Merger in Production and Perception: Study in Two Chinese Min Dialects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414230807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ialp68296.2024.11156412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ialp68296.2024.11156412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ialp68296.2024.11156412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020186215","display_name":"Yunfei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-7148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114991050","display_name":"Lishan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5684-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lishan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103587872","display_name":"Xiaoying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9722-2532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Collation and Standardization of Chinese Characters, School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Collation and Standardization of Chinese Characters, School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14782609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"182","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.7257000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.671500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6506999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5354999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.4927000105381012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7257000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.671500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6506999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5354999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776618157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727694","display_name":"Standard Chinese","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ialp68296.2024.11156412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ialp68296.2024.11156412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087132282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24BYY121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,116],"study":[1,132],"examines":[2],"the":[3,119,131],"merging":[4],"patterns":[5],"of":[6,30,69,102],"three":[7],"level":[8],"tones-T1":[9],"(44),":[10],"T3":[11],"(55),":[12],"and":[13,24,82,110,128],"T4":[14,53],"(22)-in":[15],"two":[16],"Quanzhou":[17],"Min":[18,22,26],"dialect":[19],"varieties:":[20],"Licheng":[21],"(LCM)":[23],"Qingyang":[25],"(QYM).":[27],"The":[28],"results":[29],"production":[31],"experiments":[32],"show":[33,114],"a":[34,66],"faster":[35,62],"T1-T":[36],"4":[37],"merger":[38,83,104],"despite":[39],"their":[40],"relatively":[41],"large":[42],"acoustic":[43],"distance.":[44],"In":[45],"LCM,":[46,64],"tones":[47],"converge":[48],"mutually,":[49],"while":[50],"in":[51,63,140],"QYM,":[52],"merges":[54],"toward":[55],"T1.":[56,70],"Concurrently,":[57],"T3's":[58],"pitch":[59],"height":[60],"declines":[61],"suggesting":[65],"potential":[67],"replacement":[68],"Perceptual":[71],"ability":[72],"shows":[73],"individual":[74],"differences,":[75],"with":[76,105],"some":[77,113],"participants":[78],"displaying":[79],"perception":[80,95],"ambiguity":[81],"tendencies":[84],"for":[85,108,121],"certain":[86],"tone":[87,137],"pairs.":[88],"Social":[89],"factors":[90],"like":[91],"gender":[92],"also":[93],"affect":[94],"accuracy.":[96],"Both":[97],"groups":[98],"exhibit":[99],"an":[100],"asymmetry":[101],"\u201cproduction":[103],"residual":[106],"perception\u201d":[107],"T1-T4":[109],"T3-T4,":[111],"though":[112],"consistency.":[115],"coexistence":[117],"highlights":[118],"need":[120],"individual-level":[122],"phonological":[123],"studies.":[124],"By":[125],"integrating":[126],"internal":[127],"external":[129],"factors,":[130],"sheds":[133],"light":[134],"on":[135],"synchronic":[136],"variation":[138],"dynamics":[139],"Chinese":[141],"dialects.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}