{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389606760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337279","title":"Singaporean Conversational English-Malay Code-Switching Speech: An Analysis Based on Code-switching Points and Part -of-Speech","display_name":"Singaporean Conversational English-Malay Code-Switching Speech: An Analysis Based on Code-switching Points and Part -of-Speech","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389606760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038610806","display_name":"Kshitij Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kshitij Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["BITS Pilani"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BITS Pilani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092740502","display_name":"Chaiyasait Prachaseree","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaiyasait Prachaseree","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048806307","display_name":"Thi Nga Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thi Nga Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009820359","display_name":"Kyaw Zin Tun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyaw Zin Tun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037943316","display_name":"Jia Xin Koh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Xin Koh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031068737","display_name":"Yingying Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-4968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Ying Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070872826","display_name":"Eng Siong Chng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng Siong Chng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093471356","display_name":"Chalapathi GSS","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chalapathi GSS","raw_affiliation_strings":["BITS Pilani"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BITS Pilani","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038610806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28298409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.9397575855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malay","display_name":"Malay","score":0.9391195178031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7908291220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5541439056396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5400868058204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4406697750091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.35155975818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.27553123235702515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.9397575855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776938241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237","display_name":"Malay","level":2,"score":0.9391195178031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7908291220664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5541439056396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5400868058204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4406697750091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.35155975818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27553123235702515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047060441","https://openalex.org/W2055257763","https://openalex.org/W2094655846","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2405432969","https://openalex.org/W2920237271","https://openalex.org/W2955684026","https://openalex.org/W2963257891","https://openalex.org/W2973072704","https://openalex.org/W6636811518","https://openalex.org/W6992839980","https://openalex.org/W7055789768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3079964180","https://openalex.org/W375642441","https://openalex.org/W4253184376","https://openalex.org/W3044024082","https://openalex.org/W2487295014","https://openalex.org/W3206187814","https://openalex.org/W2091194480","https://openalex.org/W4206527837","https://openalex.org/W2328052390","https://openalex.org/W3213626461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"various":[3,29],"code-switching":[4,44,55,78],"prop-erties":[5],"of":[6,73],"conversational":[7],"speech":[8],"from":[9,17],"bilingual":[10],"English-Malay":[11,32,115],"Singaporean":[12,112],"speakers":[13,81],"with":[14],"data":[15],"obtained":[16],"the":[18,38,41,98],"National":[19],"Speech":[20],"Corpus":[21],"(NSC)":[22],"and":[23,34,46,50,57,61,80],"provides":[24],"baseline":[25],"language":[26,94,109],"models":[27,95,110],"for":[28,93,107,111],"combinations":[30],"between":[31,43],"monolingual":[33],"codeswitching":[35],"transcripts.":[36],"Specifically,":[37],"study":[39],"analyzed":[40],"correlation":[42],"patterns":[45],"(i)":[47],"trigger":[48],"words":[49,74],"code-switched":[51],"word":[52],"pairs":[53],"at":[54],"points,":[56],"(ii)":[58],"wordwise":[59],"POS":[60,63],"pairwise":[62],"tags.":[64],"Our":[65],"analysis":[66],"shows":[67],"there":[68],"is":[69],"a":[70],"certain":[71],"set":[72],"that":[75],"frequently":[76,86],"\u201ctriggered\u201d":[77],"behavior,":[79],"tend":[82],"to":[83],"code-switch":[84,116],"more":[85],"around":[87],"nouns.":[88],"Additionally,":[89],"we":[90],"provide":[91],"perplexities":[92,102],"built":[96],"on":[97],"selected":[99],"datasets.":[100],"These":[101],"could":[103],"serve":[104],"as":[105],"baselines":[106],"future":[108],"speech,":[113],"especially,":[114],"speech.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}