{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412965074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079178","title":"Characterizing the Harmonic Measurement Accuracy of Voltage Transformers: The Role of the Number of Test Waveforms","display_name":"Characterizing the Harmonic Measurement Accuracy of Voltage Transformers: The Role of the Number of Test Waveforms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412965074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1295996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1295996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077350767","display_name":"Adriano Demetrio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demetrio A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001972308","display_name":"Marco Faifer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faifer M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059759550","display_name":"Christian Laurano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-6246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurano C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017740145","display_name":"Roberto Ottoboni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-1346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ottoboni R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003675815","display_name":"Sergio Toscani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toscani S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,DEIB,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20205925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6209040284156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6042025685310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5496625900268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5096747875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.4647020697593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4618128538131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.41240328550338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40525588393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28456032276153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2844504117965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2837821841239929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6209040284156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6042025685310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5496625900268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5096747875213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4647020697593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4618128538131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.41240328550338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40525588393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28456032276153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2844504117965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2837821841239929}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1295996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1295996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061974965","https://openalex.org/W2098397735","https://openalex.org/W2125351848","https://openalex.org/W2133675877","https://openalex.org/W2160309825","https://openalex.org/W2466427413","https://openalex.org/W2795298520","https://openalex.org/W2894908605","https://openalex.org/W3019672757","https://openalex.org/W4235109919","https://openalex.org/W4235812106","https://openalex.org/W4252099851","https://openalex.org/W4283744911","https://openalex.org/W4283775891","https://openalex.org/W4362683601","https://openalex.org/W4378528376","https://openalex.org/W4384158741","https://openalex.org/W4390826519","https://openalex.org/W4390873668","https://openalex.org/W4394676735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111172706","https://openalex.org/W2652100805","https://openalex.org/W4313678637","https://openalex.org/W2060783181","https://openalex.org/W2954046924","https://openalex.org/W2115378283","https://openalex.org/W3131410704","https://openalex.org/W2587667458","https://openalex.org/W2164070943","https://openalex.org/W2983963786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessing":[0],"the":[1,13,20,48,60,74,87,90,110,113,119,122,127,133,137,151,154,168,174],"accuracy":[2,180],"of":[3,15,50,59,69,89,100,105,112,115,121,136,153,156,160,202],"instrument":[4],"transformers":[5],"in":[6,12,47,98],"measuring":[7],"harmonics":[8],"has":[9],"paramount":[10],"importance":[11],"context":[14],"modern":[16],"distribution":[17],"grids.":[18],"Nevertheless,":[19],"relevant":[21],"standards":[22],"do":[23],"not":[24,39],"provide":[25],"a":[26,33,66,178,199],"reference":[27],"procedure.":[28],"It":[29],"is":[30,38,55,108,193],"well-known":[31],"that":[32,167],"mere":[34],"frequency":[35],"response":[36],"measurement":[37],"able":[40],"to":[41,95,150,187,198],"fully":[42],"characterize":[43],"their":[44,161],"metrological":[45],"behavior":[46],"presence":[49],"nonlinearity.":[51],"An":[52],"attractive":[53],"approach":[54,192],"based":[56],"on":[57,118],"theory":[58],"best":[61],"linear":[62],"approximation":[63],"that,":[64],"for":[65,78],"given":[67],"class":[68],"realistic":[70,200],"test":[71,157],"signals,":[72],"estimates":[73],"optimal":[75,129],"complex-valued":[76,130],"ratio":[77,131],"reconstructing":[79],"primary":[80],"side":[81],"harmonic":[82],"phasors.":[83],"Moreover.":[84],"it":[85],"quantifies":[86],"scattering":[88],"resulting":[91],"reconstruction":[92,138],"error":[93,139],"due":[94],"nonlinearity,":[96],"expressed":[97],"terms":[99],"its":[101],"standard":[102,134,162],"deviation.The":[103],"target":[104],"this":[106,125],"paper":[107],"studying":[109],"impact":[111],"number":[114],"excitation":[116],"signals":[117],"trustworthiness":[120],"characterization.":[123],"In":[124],"framework":[126],"estimated":[128],"and":[132],"deviations":[135,163],"are":[140,148,164],"modeled":[141],"as":[142],"random":[143],"variables,":[144],"whose":[145],"probability":[146],"distributions":[147],"related":[149],"cardinality":[152],"set":[155],"waveforms.":[158],"Expressions":[159],"derived,":[165],"so":[166],"user":[169],"may":[170],"easily":[171],"verify":[172],"wether":[173],"characterization":[175],"complies":[176],"with":[177],"predetermined":[179],"target,":[181],"or":[182],"if":[183],"more":[184],"waveforms":[185],"have":[186],"be":[188],"applied.":[189],"The":[190],"proposed":[191],"applied,":[194],"through":[195],"numerical":[196],"simulations,":[197],"model":[201],"voltage":[203],"transformer.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-08-05T00:00:00"}