{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412965962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079068","title":"Using a Three-Dimensional Oximeter to Evaluate the Enhancement and Retention Effects of Oxygen Saturation at Different Skin Layers Under Near-Infrared Irradiation","display_name":"Using a Three-Dimensional Oximeter to Evaluate the Enhancement and Retention Effects of Oxygen Saturation at Different Skin Layers Under Near-Infrared Irradiation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412965962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056415038","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Yi Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Yi Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988121","display_name":"Jiawei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7366-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110696559","display_name":"Yu\u2013Hsuan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1981-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hsuan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750297","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Cheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Cheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016694398","display_name":"Chen-Ju Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Ju Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088136700","display_name":"Yen-Pei Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Pei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories,Taiwan Instrument Research Institute,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25808833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","score":0.7422250509262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiation","display_name":"Irradiation","score":0.6676696538925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5912326574325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.560396671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen","display_name":"Oxygen","score":0.5028936266899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.43009358644485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-saturation","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","score":0.41116467118263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.32995861768722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.22119015455245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1179293692111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09982234239578247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7422250509262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.6676696538925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5912326574325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.560396671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.5028936266899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.43009358644485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76538665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294669","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","level":3,"score":0.41116467118263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32995861768722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22119015455245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1179293692111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09982234239578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11079068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1900885605","https://openalex.org/W1981300574","https://openalex.org/W1988905662","https://openalex.org/W2053040583","https://openalex.org/W2067957471","https://openalex.org/W2071229756","https://openalex.org/W2095140796","https://openalex.org/W2110438539","https://openalex.org/W2125232125","https://openalex.org/W2134853741","https://openalex.org/W2231676327","https://openalex.org/W2895423911","https://openalex.org/W2925762403","https://openalex.org/W3001108593","https://openalex.org/W3007407898","https://openalex.org/W3022271294","https://openalex.org/W3134311362","https://openalex.org/W4229332067","https://openalex.org/W4286277944","https://openalex.org/W4362558117","https://openalex.org/W4396822692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792022317","https://openalex.org/W3013965153","https://openalex.org/W4378695524","https://openalex.org/W2088293639","https://openalex.org/W2028845685","https://openalex.org/W2647984727","https://openalex.org/W3029814113","https://openalex.org/W1535341781","https://openalex.org/W2066545085","https://openalex.org/W3030808557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oxygen":[0],"saturation":[1,86],"(SpO<inf":[2],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[3,32,67,76,108,123,144,163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</inf>)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,201],"critical":[7],"indicator":[8],"of":[9,84,99,119,159,213],"peripheral":[10,18],"circulatory":[11],"health,":[12],"particularly":[13],"in":[14,125,165,194,215],"conditions":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,148],"artery":[19],"disease.":[20],"This":[21,183],"study":[22,91],"focuses":[23],"on":[24,106],"developing":[25],"an":[26],"innovative":[27],"approach":[28,188],"to":[29],"quantify":[30],"SpO<inf":[31,66,75,107,122,143,162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</inf>":[33,68,77,109,124,145,164],"at":[34,69,110],"varying":[35],"skin":[36,61],"depths":[37,71],"using":[38],"multispectral":[39],"illumination.":[40],"By":[41],"employing":[42],"light":[43,102,178],"sources":[44],"emitting":[45],"multiple":[46],"wavelengths":[47],"(e.g.,":[48],"660":[49],"nm,":[50,52,54,153],"850":[51],"890":[53,152],"and":[55,58,72,82,96,141,151,186,196,207],"940":[56,149],"nm)":[57,105],"capturing":[59],"reflected":[60],"images,":[62],"the":[63,94,135,177,211],"method":[64],"analyzes":[65],"different":[70],"constructs":[73],"three-dimensional":[74],"distribution":[78],"maps,":[79],"enabling":[80],"visualization":[81],"quantification":[83],"oxygen":[85,192],"across":[87],"tissue":[88,142],"layers.":[89],"The":[90],"further":[92],"examines":[93],"enhancement":[95],"retention":[97,133],"effects":[98],"near-infrared":[100],"(NIR)":[101],"exposure":[103],"(600-1700":[104],"various":[111],"depths.":[112],"Results":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"that":[115],"after":[116,176],"10":[117],"minutes":[118,158,175],"NIR":[120,160,214],"illumination,":[121],"superficial":[126],"vascular":[127,140,166],"regions":[128,167],"increases":[129],"by":[130,169],"7%.":[131],"For":[132],"analysis,":[134],"most":[136],"effective":[137],"layers":[138],"for":[139,204],"were":[146],"identified":[147],"nm":[150],"respectively.":[154],"Notably,":[155],"following":[156],"15":[157,174],"exposure,":[161],"decreased":[168],"less":[170],"than":[171],"2%":[172],"within":[173],"source":[179],"was":[180],"turned":[181],"off.":[182],"innovative,":[184],"non-invasive,":[185],"quantitative":[187],"offers":[189],"insights":[190],"into":[191],"dynamics":[193],"tissues":[195],"blood":[197,217],"vessels.":[198],"It":[199],"provides":[200],"promising":[202],"tool":[203],"clinical":[205],"diagnostics":[206],"therapeutic":[208],"monitoring,":[209],"showcasing":[210],"efficacy":[212],"enhancing":[216],"oxygenation.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}