{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412964917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11078931","title":"State of Charge Estimation of an Electric Battery using the Theory of Evidence","display_name":"State of Charge Estimation of an Electric Battery using the Theory of Evidence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412964917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11078931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11078931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11078931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026391038","display_name":"Harsha Vardhana Jetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-2344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsha Vardana Jetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090244413","display_name":"Paolo Carbone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Carbone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083411180","display_name":"Alessio De Angelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-4272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio De Angelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048123338","display_name":"Alessandro Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6760-2925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035178217","display_name":"Sina Ronaghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-5141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina Ronaghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054803036","display_name":"Simona Salicone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-7669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Salicone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9514999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.7045583128929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5869302749633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5712978839874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5403938293457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge","display_name":"Charge (physics)","score":0.517975926399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4962771534919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40507224202156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3359103202819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2526742219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22225457429885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19699889421463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1945735216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.10429176688194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.07971930503845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07726976275444031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.7045583128929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5869302749633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5712978839874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5403938293457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.517975926399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4962771534919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40507224202156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3359103202819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2526742219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22225457429885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19699889421463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1945735216140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10429176688194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.07971930503845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07726976275444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11078931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc62753.2025.11078931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1316089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1316089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631056405","https://openalex.org/W1600834507","https://openalex.org/W2089126862","https://openalex.org/W2167503549","https://openalex.org/W2519099645","https://openalex.org/W2801226024","https://openalex.org/W2886603993","https://openalex.org/W2995833555","https://openalex.org/W3000278225","https://openalex.org/W3009097578","https://openalex.org/W3012328335","https://openalex.org/W3018271682","https://openalex.org/W3094347974","https://openalex.org/W3181536868","https://openalex.org/W4283028411","https://openalex.org/W4301347335","https://openalex.org/W4378085756","https://openalex.org/W4404565295","https://openalex.org/W4404628171","https://openalex.org/W4406266044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W3195056770","https://openalex.org/W4385625847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"monitoring":[1],"of":[2,5,8,21,33,48,52,55,67,87,98,176,182],"the":[3,22,31,34,46,49,53,56,82,88,96,99,105,115,128,154,162,167,174,180],"state":[4,66],"charge":[6],"(SOC)":[7],"a":[9,145,149,186],"battery":[10,14,135],"is":[11,19,38,43,93,171],"crucial":[12],"in":[13,104,114,134,139,179,185],"management":[15,136],"systems.":[16],"Coulomb":[17,159],"counting":[18,160],"one":[20],"easiest":[23],"and":[24,70,101,161],"most":[25],"widely":[26],"used":[27],"methods":[28],"to":[29,95,102],"estimate":[30,51,97,151,156,164],"SOC":[32,76,150,155,163],"battery.":[35,89],"While":[36,122],"it":[37],"computationally":[39],"efficient,":[40],"its":[41],"accuracy":[42,47],"limited":[44],"by":[45,152,158],"initial":[50],"capacity":[54],"battery,":[57],"which":[58],"depends":[59],"on":[60],"several":[61],"factors":[62],"such":[63,73],"as":[64,74],"battery\u2019s":[65],"health":[68],"(SOH)":[69],"internal":[71],"conditions,":[72],"leakage.":[75],"can":[77],"also":[78],"be":[79],"estimated":[80],"using":[81,173],"open":[83],"circuit":[84],"voltage":[85],"(OCV)":[86],"However,":[90],"this":[91],"method":[92,146],"sensitive":[94],"OCV":[100],"noise":[103],"measurement":[106],"system.":[107],"There":[108],"are":[109,124],"numerous":[110],"other":[111],"approaches":[112],"available":[113],"literature":[116],"that":[117,147],"utilize":[118],"machine":[119],"learning":[120],"techniques.":[121],"these":[123],"much":[125],"more":[126,187],"accurate,":[127],"computational":[129],"complexity":[130],"makes":[131],"them":[132],"unsuitable":[133],"systems":[137],"operating":[138],"real":[140],"time.":[141],"This":[142],"article":[143],"proposes":[144],"provides":[148],"combining":[153],"given":[157],"obtained":[165],"from":[166],"OCV.":[168],"The":[169],"combination":[170,177],"achieved":[172],"rules":[175],"defined":[178],"Theory":[181],"Evidence,":[183],"resulting":[184],"accurate":[188],"estimation.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
