{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400114964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560647","title":"Low-Cost Tissue Oximetry Using Discrete Light-Emitting Diodes","display_name":"Low-Cost Tissue Oximetry Using Discrete Light-Emitting Diodes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400114964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011354084","display_name":"Tuukka Panula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tuukka Panula","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099659341","display_name":"Inka Mustajoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4786-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inka Mustajoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038093460","display_name":"Katri Karhinoja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katri Karhinoja","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099659342","display_name":"Maria Kjellman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Kjellman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034586945","display_name":"Jukka\u2010Pekka Sirki\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-764X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jukka-Pekka Sirki\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043192031","display_name":"Matti Kaisti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Kaisti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Faculty of Technology,Department of Computing,Turku,Finland,20500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011354084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14833599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.6431564092636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.5666466951370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5555367469787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45019885897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.42048177123069763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.6431564092636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5666466951370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5555367469787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45019885897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42048177123069763}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325101","display_name":"Instrumentariumin Tiedes\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":"https://ror.org/02w907m39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994467176","https://openalex.org/W2031560592","https://openalex.org/W2041829367","https://openalex.org/W2077704171","https://openalex.org/W2271061725","https://openalex.org/W2304538311","https://openalex.org/W2464552791","https://openalex.org/W2511518842","https://openalex.org/W2772933431","https://openalex.org/W2792697330","https://openalex.org/W2951481346","https://openalex.org/W3209623457","https://openalex.org/W4225082837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2061040333","https://openalex.org/W2267349003","https://openalex.org/W2171760424","https://openalex.org/W2735278434","https://openalex.org/W2097593946","https://openalex.org/W2013531946","https://openalex.org/W2017665187","https://openalex.org/W2278267464","https://openalex.org/W2970429923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tissue":[0],"oxygen":[1],"saturation":[2],"<tex":[3,18,42,95,117],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[4,19,43,96,118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\text{StO}_{2})$</tex>":[5],"is":[6,21,113],"an":[7],"important":[8],"biomarker":[9],"used":[10,80],"to":[11,40,64,129],"monitor":[12],"patients":[13],"after":[14],"a":[15,36,52,60,82,99,126],"surgical":[16],"intervention.":[17],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{StO}_{2}$</tex>":[20,44,97,119],"often":[22],"measured":[23],"using":[24,46,59],"various":[25],"techniques":[26],"that":[27,110],"require":[28],"expensive,":[29],"bulky,":[30],"and":[31,51,123],"complicated":[32],"instrumentation.":[33],"We":[34],"propose":[35],"low-cost":[37,127],"instrument":[38,56],"design":[39],"measure":[41],"level":[45],"discrete":[47],"light-emitting":[48],"diodes":[49],"(LED)":[50],"photodiode":[53],"receiver.":[54],"The":[55,104],"was":[57,79],"tested":[58,87],"liquid":[61],"tissue":[62,131],"phantom":[63],"verify":[65],"the":[66,69,88,111],"operation":[67],"of":[68,106,115],"system":[70],"in":[71,90,133],"vitro":[72],"during":[73,98],"hemoglobin":[74],"deoxygenation.":[75],"A":[76],"commercial":[77],"spectrometer":[78],"as":[81],"reference":[83],"device.":[84],"Furthermore,":[85],"we":[86],"device":[89,112],"vivo":[91],"by":[92],"measuring":[93,116],"skin":[94],"brachial":[100],"artery":[101],"occlusion":[102],"test.":[103],"results":[105],"these":[107],"experiments":[108],"suggest":[109],"capable":[114],"with":[120],"sufficient":[121],"accuracy":[122],"could":[124],"provide":[125],"alternative":[128],"spectrometer-based":[130],"oximetry":[132],"clinical":[134],"use.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}