{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400114872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560592","title":"A Portable Data Acquisition System for Online Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy","display_name":"A Portable Data Acquisition System for Online Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400114872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560592","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/ws/files/92084592/90860885.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101388497","display_name":"Yikai Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8865-0232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yikai Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064772407","display_name":"Jiangnan Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6231-4827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangnan Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044609436","display_name":"Di Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2894-034X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031439277","display_name":"Yuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-3859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038402408","display_name":"Godwin Enemali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-7035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godwin Enemali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,United Kingdom","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom","School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353162","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100353162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3023,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58992876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6063143014907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5744521021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.5284825563430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5136253237724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.4885019063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39445698261260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2949073910713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22125324606895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07974812388420105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6063143014907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5744521021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5284825563430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5136253237724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4885019063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39445698261260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2949073910713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22125324606895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07974812388420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc60896.2024.10560592","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire/b442d7ee-3ada-4033-bca0-fdfca02101d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/b442d7ee-3ada-4033-bca0-fdfca02101d4","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/ws/files/92084592/90860885.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xia, Y, Xia, J, Xiao, D, Chen, Y, Enemali, G & Liu, C 2024, A portable data acquisition system for online wavelength modulation spectroscopy. in I2MTC 2024 - Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference : Instrumentation and Measurement for Sustainable Future, Proceedings. Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 20/05/24. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC60896.2024.10560592","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire/b442d7ee-3ada-4033-bca0-fdfca02101d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/b442d7ee-3ada-4033-bca0-fdfca02101d4","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/ws/files/92084592/90860885.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402566","display_name":"ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","host_organization_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xia, Y, Xia, J, Xiao, D, Chen, Y, Enemali, G & Liu, C 2024, A portable data acquisition system for online wavelength modulation spectroscopy. in I2MTC 2024 - Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference : Instrumentation and Measurement for Sustainable Future, Proceedings. Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 20/05/24. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC60896.2024.10560592","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400114872.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1776209211","https://openalex.org/W1967729971","https://openalex.org/W1976680513","https://openalex.org/W1981522094","https://openalex.org/W2043196240","https://openalex.org/W2079473044","https://openalex.org/W2086036391","https://openalex.org/W2089238781","https://openalex.org/W2093384665","https://openalex.org/W2149966554","https://openalex.org/W2492446065","https://openalex.org/W2591682036","https://openalex.org/W2796705419","https://openalex.org/W2976186803","https://openalex.org/W3101691590","https://openalex.org/W3136845126","https://openalex.org/W4206050372","https://openalex.org/W4221025902","https://openalex.org/W4283762269","https://openalex.org/W4366482856","https://openalex.org/W4385194944","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6769303498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4372306488","https://openalex.org/W4210912696","https://openalex.org/W2075579715","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W2946070927","https://openalex.org/W2388668112","https://openalex.org/W2104766064","https://openalex.org/W2069972811","https://openalex.org/W2160652815","https://openalex.org/W782553550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Temperature":[0],"and":[1,32,38,48,100,105,113,136],"gas":[2,74,116],"concentration":[3],"are":[4],"crucial":[5],"parameters":[6,117],"to":[7,63],"be":[8,36],"monitored":[9],"in":[10],"the":[11,25,73,102,111],"combustion":[12,131],"processes.":[13],"As":[14],"a":[15,57,65,89,106,120,129],"non-intrusive":[16],"laser":[17],"measurement":[18,103],"method,":[19],"Wavelength":[20],"Modulation":[21],"Spectroscopy":[22],"(WMS)":[23],"has":[24],"advantages":[26],"of":[27,80],"high":[28],"sensitivity,":[29],"noise":[30],"resistance,":[31],"fast":[33],"response.":[34],"To":[35],"cost-effective":[37],"flexible,":[39],"it":[40],"is":[41,126],"highly":[42],"demanded":[43],"for":[44,71],"an":[45],"integrated,":[46],"portable,":[47],"robust":[49],"Data":[50],"Acquisition":[51],"(DAQ)":[52],"system":[53,68,78,125],"that":[54,97,109],"runs":[55],"without":[56],"high-level":[58],"CPU.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"aims":[62],"design":[64],"portable":[66],"DAQ":[67,95],"using":[69,119],"WMS":[70],"monitoring":[72,118],"parameters.":[75],"The":[76,124],"developed":[77],"consists":[79],"two":[81],"main":[82],"components":[83],"with":[84],"Ethernet":[85],"communication":[86],"between":[87],"them:":[88],"Field":[90],"Programmable":[91],"Gate":[92],"Arrays":[93],"(FPGA)-based":[94],"hub":[96],"digitizes,":[98],"decomposes,":[99],"down-samples":[101],"signal,":[104],"Raspberry":[107],"Pi":[108],"stores":[110],"data":[112],"enables":[114],"online":[115],"data-driven":[121],"neural":[122],"network.":[123],"validated":[127],"through":[128],"lab-scale":[130],"experiment,":[132],"indicating":[133],"its":[134],"accuracy":[135],"efficiency.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T17:19:04.345684","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}