{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384158767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176080","title":"Face Detection in Thermal Images with Improved Spatial Precision and Temporal Stability","display_name":"Face Detection in Thermal Images with Improved Spatial Precision and Temporal Stability","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384158767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176080","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081555529","display_name":"Mohsen Mozafari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Mozafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003562461","display_name":"Andrew Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-4223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada,Ottawa,Canada","Aerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078223816","display_name":"James R. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017668310","display_name":"Rafik Goubran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-416X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafik A. Goubran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081555529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58905652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7477350234985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6919833421707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6313743591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6162657737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5800103545188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5178589820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.512902021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.48981544375419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43670135736465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.42913639545440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3898515999317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.3865399956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12222415208816528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7477350234985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6919833421707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6313743591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6162657737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5800103545188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5178589820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.512902021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.48981544375419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43670135736465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.42913639545440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3898515999317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3865399956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12222415208816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc53148.2023.10176080","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:ce72e616-d029-4f96-bef3-6ff886f99148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=ce72e616-d029-4f96-bef3-6ff886f99148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043123015","https://openalex.org/W2082848186","https://openalex.org/W2164208605","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2334671658","https://openalex.org/W2838247043","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2890323852","https://openalex.org/W2952122856","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3122447812","https://openalex.org/W3161083802","https://openalex.org/W3173710105","https://openalex.org/W3184998487","https://openalex.org/W4205774012","https://openalex.org/W4206469819","https://openalex.org/W4206938417","https://openalex.org/W4230405732","https://openalex.org/W4283721404","https://openalex.org/W4283733031","https://openalex.org/W4283755957","https://openalex.org/W4285294981","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6849520326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"video":[1],"can":[2],"be":[3],"used":[4],"as":[5,166,175],"a":[6,80,109,178],"privacy-preserving":[7],"and":[8,48,54,144,153],"non-contact":[9],"sensor":[10],"for":[11,31],"long-term":[12],"health":[13],"monitoring":[14],"including":[15],"respiratory":[16],"activity.":[17],"Face":[18],"detection":[19,43,59,102,107,120],"from":[20,73],"thermal":[21,41,66,133],"images":[22],"is":[23],"required":[24],"to":[25,79,124,151,163,169],"define":[26],"the":[27,74,114,117,125,128],"region":[28],"of":[29,69,116,127,177],"interest":[30],"automated":[32],"respiration":[33,180],"monitoring.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"study,":[37],"we":[38,112],"focus":[39],"on":[40,63,86],"face":[42,101,106,119],"using":[44,172],"deep":[45],"learning-based":[46],"methods":[47,157],"transfer":[49,94],"learning.":[50],"First,":[51],"YOLOv7,":[52],"YOLOv7-tiny,":[53],"Detector":[55],"Transformer":[56],"(DeTr)":[57],"object":[58],"models":[60,76],"were":[61,77,158],"trained":[62,85,118],"an":[64],"open":[65],"image":[67],"dataset":[68],"faces.":[70],"The":[71,135,155],"weights":[72],"pretrained":[75],"transferred":[78],"new":[81],"model":[82,121,137,164],"that":[83,93],"was":[84],"our":[87],"own":[88],"target":[89],"dataset.":[90],"Results":[91],"showed":[92,138],"learning":[95],"resulted":[96],"in":[97,108,132],"improved":[98],"intersection-over-union":[99],"(IoU)":[100],"performance.":[103],"Moving":[104],"beyond":[105],"single":[110],"frame,":[111],"evaluated":[113,160],"stability":[115],"with":[122,141,161],"regard":[123,162],"time-consistency":[126],"detected":[129],"bounding":[130,148],"boxes":[131,149],"videos.":[134],"DeTr":[136],"higher":[139],"performance":[140],"0.812":[142],"IoU":[143],"more":[145],"stable":[146],"predicted":[147],"compared":[150],"YOLOv7":[152],"YOLOv7-tiny.":[154],"proposed":[156],"also":[159],"size,":[165],"it":[167],"pertains":[168],"viable":[170],"deployment":[171],"edge":[173],"computing,":[174],"part":[176],"complete":[179],"rate":[181],"estimation":[182],"pipeline.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-02T08:37:19.008085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
