{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973162790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8827094","title":"On the Data Conditioning for Facial Spoofing Attacks Detection using Deep Learning","display_name":"On the Data Conditioning for Facial Spoofing Attacks Detection using Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973162790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8827094","mag":"2973162790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8827094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8827094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031330481","display_name":"Raphael Ruschel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94328231","display_name":"University of Rio Grande and Rio Grande Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/02sghbs34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94328231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Ruschel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Programme on Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Programme on Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94328231","https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076616569","display_name":"Lucas Royes Schardosim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94328231","display_name":"University of Rio Grande and Rio Grande Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/02sghbs34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94328231"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas R. Schardosim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Programme on Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Programme on Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94328231","https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059279422","display_name":"Jacob Scharcanski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9223-4693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94328231","display_name":"University of Rio Grande and Rio Grande Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/02sghbs34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94328231"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Scharcanski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Programme on Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Programme on Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94328231","https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031330481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723","https://openalex.org/I94328231"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79268442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8448238968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8204470872879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6941360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6897194385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6588088274002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6375823020935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5742133855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5335351228713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5289761424064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5218664407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.4644847512245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4561059772968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.20020025968551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0789322555065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.06657537817955017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8448238968849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8204470872879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6941360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6897194385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6588088274002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6375823020935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5742133855819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5335351228713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5289761424064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5218664407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.4644847512245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4561059772968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.20020025968551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0789322555065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.06657537817955017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8827094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8827094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1889383825","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2004935805","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2106852298","https://openalex.org/W2136666231","https://openalex.org/W2145131129","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2552267233","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2612820025","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2765300765","https://openalex.org/W2765962194","https://openalex.org/W2770302610","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964253307","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029134147","https://openalex.org/W2733060750","https://openalex.org/W2503569529","https://openalex.org/W2005051400","https://openalex.org/W2507989420","https://openalex.org/W2973867000","https://openalex.org/W2738221750","https://openalex.org/W3025013756","https://openalex.org/W3126631784","https://openalex.org/W2889058905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometry-based":[0],"authentication":[1],"systems":[2,37],"are":[3,38,183],"potential":[4],"candidates":[5],"to":[6,32,40,52,55,71,91,151,175],"replace":[7],"traditional":[8],"username":[9],"and":[10,20,185],"password-based":[11],"access":[12,54,79,155],"schemes.":[13,122],"Facial":[14],"recognition":[15,36,83],"is":[16,70,134,149],"becoming":[17],"widely":[18],"popular,":[19],"many":[21],"existing":[22],"devices":[23],"already":[24],"include":[25],"embedded":[26],"cameras,":[27],"making":[28],"this":[29,68],"technology":[30],"easy":[31],"use.":[33],"Nevertheless,":[34],"facial":[35,45,82,93],"prone":[39],"security":[41],"breaches,":[42],"such":[43,194],"as":[44,61],"spoofing":[46,94],"attacks,":[47],"where":[48],"a":[49,62,73,153,161,188],"impostor":[50],"tries":[51],"gain":[53],"the":[56,89,104,127,132,140,143,167,173,191,205],"system":[57],"by":[58,131],"disguising":[59],"him/herself":[60],"genuine":[63,154],"user.":[64],"The":[65,179],"goal":[66],"of":[67,76,171,193,204],"paper":[69],"propose":[72],"countermeasure":[74],"capable":[75],"detecting":[77],"unauthorized":[78],"attempts":[80],"in":[81,103,200],"systems.":[84],"Most":[85],"authors":[86],"uses":[87,166],"only":[88,139],"face":[90,141,174],"detect":[92,176],"attacks.":[95,178],"However,":[96],"we":[97],"argue":[98],"that":[99,125,148,165],"more":[100,135,201],"information":[101,147],"available":[102],"training":[105],"data":[106],"found":[107],"on":[108,187],"Presentation":[109],"Attack":[110],"Detection":[111],"(PAD)":[112],"datasets":[113],"should":[114],"be":[115,198],"used,":[116],"specially":[117],"when":[118],"adopting":[119],"deep":[120,162],"learning":[121,163],"We":[123,159],"show":[124],"using":[126,138],"full":[128],"frame":[129,169],"captured":[130],"camera":[133],"reliable":[136],"than":[137,202],"since":[142],"environment":[144],"presents":[145],"rich":[146],"useful":[150],"differentiate":[152],"from":[156],"an":[157],"impostor.":[158],"present":[160],"method":[164],"entire":[168],"instead":[170],"just":[172],"presentation":[177],"preliminary":[180],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"encouraging,":[184],"based":[186],"GoogLeNet":[189],"architecture,":[190],"detection":[192],"attacks":[195],"potentially":[196],"can":[197],"obtained":[199],"96%":[203],"test":[206],"cases.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
