{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973023107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8826826","title":"Noise Variance and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimation from Spectral Data","display_name":"Noise Variance and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimation from Spectral Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973023107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8826826","mag":"2973023107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8826826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8826826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040257727","display_name":"Stefan Schuster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schuster","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057391483","display_name":"Dominik Exel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146193","display_name":"Linz Center of Mechatronics (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwv6530","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Exel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. for Meas. Techn. JKU Linz, Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. for Meas. Techn. JKU Linz, Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003104406","display_name":"Stefan Scheiblhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-7461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Scheiblhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021643864","display_name":"Dominik Zankl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Zankl","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014765905","display_name":"Vera Ganglberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vera Ganglberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111670384","display_name":"Johann Reisinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Reisinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076185486","display_name":"Bernhard G. Zagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0695-2657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Zagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine-Strasse 3, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040257727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46540325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7370185852050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7127661108970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6405227780342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.6079282164573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-noise","display_name":"Value noise","score":0.5566539764404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5447654724121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-noise","display_name":"Gradient noise","score":0.5404499769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5362903475761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colors-of-noise","display_name":"Colors of noise","score":0.530578076839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density-estimation","display_name":"Spectral density estimation","score":0.5241591930389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.48927733302116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.47096163034439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-floor","display_name":"Noise floor","score":0.46258020401000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4297764301300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.311492919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25056129693984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.23380562663078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16379401087760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16142955422401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.1550397276878357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7370185852050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7127661108970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6405227780342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.6079282164573669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182163834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2926529","display_name":"Value noise","level":5,"score":0.5566539764404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5447654724121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200378446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147391","display_name":"Gradient noise","level":5,"score":0.5404499769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5362903475761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114996537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854529","display_name":"Colors of noise","level":3,"score":0.530578076839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30049272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6555326","display_name":"Spectral density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5241591930389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.48927733302116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.47096163034439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187612029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083130","display_name":"Noise floor","level":4,"score":0.46258020401000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4297764301300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.311492919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25056129693984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.23380562663078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16379401087760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16142955422401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.1550397276878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8826826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2019.8826826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W2021193403","https://openalex.org/W2109491891","https://openalex.org/W2109695776","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2113064045","https://openalex.org/W2128491461","https://openalex.org/W2146551839","https://openalex.org/W2154818690","https://openalex.org/W2155115576","https://openalex.org/W2160502247","https://openalex.org/W2885063589","https://openalex.org/W2987550892","https://openalex.org/W6679294596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594273119","https://openalex.org/W2170781407","https://openalex.org/W3125397569","https://openalex.org/W1988789108","https://openalex.org/W2079755857","https://openalex.org/W2810312662","https://openalex.org/W2369507939","https://openalex.org/W2370832149","https://openalex.org/W2032021057","https://openalex.org/W1986743941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"most":[1],"real-world":[2],"signal":[3,31],"processing":[4,32],"and":[5,37,149,185,193],"measurement":[6,9,47,201],"applications,":[7],"unavoidable":[8,85],"noise":[10,35,60,99,126,183],"is":[11,56,118,167],"one":[12],"of":[13,29,53,57,115,121,155,160,173,180],"the":[14,27,50,113,116,119,145,151,181,190],"key":[15],"factors":[16],"that":[17],"limits":[18],"overall":[19],"system":[20,33],"performance.":[21],"To":[22,88],"be":[23,43,64,137],"able":[24],"to":[25,84,139],"assess":[26],"performance":[28,52],"a":[30,122,170,178,204],"in-situ,":[34],"variance":[36,61,100],"signal-to-noise":[38,161],"ratio,":[39],"respectively":[40],"can":[41,63,77,136],"only":[42,109],"estimated":[44],"from":[45,102,203],"available":[46],"data.":[48],"Furthermore,":[49,189],"statistical":[51],"these":[54],"estimates":[55],"importance.":[58],"While":[59],"estimation":[62,101,131,163],"done":[65],"in":[66,79,96,164],"theory":[67],"by":[68,153],"simply":[69],"applying":[70,129],"some":[71,140],"well-known":[72],"estimators,":[73],"this":[74,134],"standard":[75],"approach":[76,94,152],"fail":[78],"many":[80],"practical":[81,186],"applications":[82],"due":[83],"modeling":[86],"inaccuracies.":[87],"overcome":[89],"this,":[90],"we":[91],"extend":[92],"an":[93],"proposed":[95],"[1]":[97],"for":[98,112],"spectral":[103,123],"data":[104,106],"using":[105],"windows.":[107],"The":[108,158],"necessary":[110],"prerequisite":[111],"applicability":[114],"algorithm":[117],"existence":[120],"region":[124],"containing":[125],"only.":[127],"By":[128],"robust":[130],"techniques,":[132],"even":[133],"assumption":[135],"relaxed":[138],"extent.":[141],"We":[142],"also":[143],"analyze":[144],"corresponding":[146],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[147,191],"bounds":[148,192],"validate":[150],"means":[154],"Monte-Carlo":[156],"simulations.":[157],"case":[159,172,184],"ratio":[162],"sinusoidal":[165],"models":[166],"treated":[168],"as":[169],"special":[171],"particular":[174],"interest,":[175],"together":[176],"with":[177,198],"discussion":[179],"colored":[182],"application":[187],"examples.":[188],"simulation":[194],"results":[195,202],"are":[196],"compared":[197],"real":[199],"world":[200],"radio-acoustic-sounding-system":[205],"application.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
