{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1532238164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151558","title":"Comparison between electrical and pressure measurements to detect PEM fuel cell flooding","display_name":"Comparison between electrical and pressure measurements to detect PEM fuel cell flooding","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1532238164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151558","mag":"1532238164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066443434","display_name":"Roberto Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 7ZX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, L69 7ZX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003675815","display_name":"Sergio Toscani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Toscani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Dip. di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110302767","display_name":"Giovanni Dotelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Dotelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Dept. of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085545319","display_name":"Paola Gallo Stampino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Gallo Stampino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Dept. of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086730444","display_name":"Saverio Latorrata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Latorrata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Dept. of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Italy I-20133","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066443434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75029652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1825","last_page":"1830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.7675692439079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","score":0.7642114162445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.661480724811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5080406665802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte","display_name":"Electrolyte","score":0.49138036370277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45805346965789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.4543227255344391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.44465214014053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.4143921732902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3459945023059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2222883403301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1481637954711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.13652101159095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.09417900443077087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7675692439079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.7642114162445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.661480724811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5080406665802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.49138036370277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45805346965789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4543227255344391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.44465214014053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.4143921732902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3459945023059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2222883403301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1481637954711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13652101159095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.09417900443077087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151558","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/985242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/985242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963749168","https://openalex.org/W1968659839","https://openalex.org/W1980013400","https://openalex.org/W1980835995","https://openalex.org/W1992274525","https://openalex.org/W2015400414","https://openalex.org/W2018335610","https://openalex.org/W2030043358","https://openalex.org/W2033477755","https://openalex.org/W2033495073","https://openalex.org/W2037666808","https://openalex.org/W2042211343","https://openalex.org/W2045901623","https://openalex.org/W2048730159","https://openalex.org/W2061949263","https://openalex.org/W2070094450","https://openalex.org/W2073166253","https://openalex.org/W2077007454","https://openalex.org/W2092344505","https://openalex.org/W2119007261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389047940","https://openalex.org/W4233683207","https://openalex.org/W4376506374","https://openalex.org/W2744116649","https://openalex.org/W3163182738","https://openalex.org/W2060932451","https://openalex.org/W2566120354","https://openalex.org/W2359594532","https://openalex.org/W2237020462","https://openalex.org/W1988177323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"flooding":[1,41],"is":[2,22,89,117],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,100,106],"the":[5,36,60,65,78,92,104,107],"main":[6],"causes":[7],"performance":[9],"degradation":[10],"for":[11,40,83,91,114],"polymer":[12],"electrolyte":[13],"membrane":[14],"(PEM)":[15],"fuel":[16,28,111],"cells":[17],"and":[18],"its":[19],"prompt":[20],"detection":[21],"therefore":[23],"important":[24],"to":[25,95,110],"guarantee":[26],"optimal":[27],"cell":[29,88,112],"operation.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"aims":[33],"at":[34],"comparing":[35],"most":[37,79],"common":[38],"methods":[39,109],"diagnosis,":[42],"which":[43],"are":[44,57],"based":[45],"on":[46],"electrical":[47],"or":[48],"gas":[49],"pressure":[50],"measurements.":[51],"Some":[52],"critical":[53],"issues":[54],"about":[55],"them":[56],"discussed,":[58],"highlighting":[59],"not":[61],"straightforward":[62],"relationships":[63],"between":[64],"different":[66],"measured":[67],"physical":[68],"quantities,":[69],"that":[70],"should":[71],"be":[72],"taken":[73],"into":[74],"account":[75],"when":[76],"choosing":[77],"suitable":[80],"diagnostic":[81],"approach":[82],"each":[84],"application.":[85],"A":[86],"single":[87],"used":[90],"experimental":[93],"investigations":[94],"allow":[96],"an":[97],"easier":[98],"interpretation":[99],"measurement":[101],"results,":[102],"although":[103],"applicability":[105],"considered":[108],"stacks":[113],"commercial":[115],"applications":[116],"also":[118],"discussed.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}