{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1543970237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151424","title":"All-in-focus image reconstruction from in-line holograms of snowflakes","display_name":"All-in-focus image reconstruction from in-line holograms of snowflakes","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1543970237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151424","mag":"1543970237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032371830","display_name":"Sami Varjo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sami Varjo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","The Center for Machine Vision Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Center for Machine Vision Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037679657","display_name":"Ville A. Kaikkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7549-598X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802209051","display_name":"Kajaani University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02ec8mb70","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802209051"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ville Kaikkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit for Measurement Technology, CEMIS-Qulu University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland","Unit for Measurement Technology, CEMIS-Oulu, University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit for Measurement Technology, CEMIS-Qulu University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802209051","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit for Measurement Technology, CEMIS-Oulu, University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073118744","display_name":"Jari Hannuksela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-1304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari Hannuksela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","The Center for Machine Vision Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Center for Machine Vision Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059272191","display_name":"Anssi M\u00e4kynen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-8882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anssi Makynen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qptoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qptoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032371830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02422418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1096","last_page":"1101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holography","display_name":"Holography","score":0.8054167032241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.7563461065292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6482815742492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6467735767364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowflake","display_name":"Snowflake","score":0.5947970151901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.574276328086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5409146547317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5067048668861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-holography","display_name":"Digital holography","score":0.5065478086471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-field","display_name":"Depth of field","score":0.4962330460548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.47415679693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-holography","display_name":"Acoustic holography","score":0.4571428894996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4444282054901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.42510128021240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.41814109683036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4135749936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.40060439705848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20115163922309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18525096774101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09897717833518982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.8054167032241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7563461065292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6482815742492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6467735767364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54059038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550147","display_name":"Snowflake","level":3,"score":0.5947970151901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.574276328086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5409146547317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5067048668861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224906","display_name":"Digital holography","level":3,"score":0.5065478086471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183072630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215932","display_name":"Depth of field","level":2,"score":0.4962330460548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.47415679693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777280715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674685","display_name":"Acoustic holography","level":3,"score":0.4571428894996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4444282054901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42510128021240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.41814109683036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4135749936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.40060439705848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20115163922309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18525096774101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09897717833518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.723.1593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.723.1593","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ee.oulu.fi/%7Ejhannuks/publications/I2MTC2015.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552297848","https://openalex.org/W1963540519","https://openalex.org/W1977442750","https://openalex.org/W2015282877","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2029845996","https://openalex.org/W2039608780","https://openalex.org/W2048320148","https://openalex.org/W2059332348","https://openalex.org/W2061473922","https://openalex.org/W2088026794","https://openalex.org/W2099601760","https://openalex.org/W2159749540","https://openalex.org/W2163370365","https://openalex.org/W4236152052","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331374196","https://openalex.org/W2097553621","https://openalex.org/W4244843934","https://openalex.org/W2469781627","https://openalex.org/W4249934362","https://openalex.org/W1969335707","https://openalex.org/W2809792222","https://openalex.org/W2069215495","https://openalex.org/W2725033702","https://openalex.org/W4386427821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In-line":[0],"holography":[1,78],"enables":[2],"particle":[3],"measurements":[4,21],"in":[5,39,60,75,141],"large":[6,56],"imaging":[7,18],"volumes":[8],"with":[9,16,121,133],"an":[10],"extended":[11],"depth":[12,94,129],"of":[13,22,26,47,58,103,128,164],"field":[14],"compared":[15],"conventional":[17],"systems.":[19],"Accurate":[20],"the":[23,27,34,76,101,116,138,142,147,154],"structural":[24],"details":[25,36],"particles":[28],"are":[29,37,68,113,119,131],"practically":[30],"possible":[31],"only":[32],"if":[33],"measured":[35],"brought":[38],"focus.":[40],"In":[41],"order":[42],"to":[43,81,136,145,160],"extract":[44],"in-focus":[45],"images":[46,106,163],"objects":[48],"recorded":[49],"into":[50],"a":[51,55,61,87,92,122],"digital":[52],"hologram":[53],"from":[54],"set":[57],"holograms":[59],"feasible":[62],"manner,":[63],"automated":[64],"focusing":[65],"and":[66],"segmentation":[67],"needed.":[69],"The":[70],"twin":[71],"image":[72],"present":[73],"inheritently":[74],"in-line":[77,98],"data":[79],"leads":[80],"extra":[82],"noise":[83],"that":[84,153],"makes":[85],"this":[86],"challenging":[88],"problem.":[89],"We":[90,151],"propose":[91],"new":[93],"estimation":[95],"method":[96,156],"for":[97],"holography,":[99],"where":[100,115],"stack":[102],"reconstructed":[104],"intensity":[105],"is":[107],"analyzed.":[108],"First":[109],"rough":[110],"object":[111,117,139],"locations":[112],"estimated":[114,120],"depths":[118],"wavelet":[123],"based":[124],"focus":[125],"measure.":[126],"Clusters":[127],"estimates":[130],"used":[132,159],"plane":[134],"fitting":[135],"approximate":[137],"orientation":[140],"3D":[143],"volume":[144],"obtain":[146,161],"final":[148],"all-in-focus":[149],"images.":[150],"show":[152],"proposed":[155],"can":[157],"be":[158],"sharp":[162],"planar":[165],"objects,":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"snowflakes.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
