{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1481665213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151317","title":"A low power multi-frequency current mode lock-in amplifier for impedance sensing","display_name":"A low power multi-frequency current mode lock-in amplifier for impedance sensing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1481665213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151317","mag":"1481665213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151317","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007231398","display_name":"Jinlong Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088902578","display_name":"Nicole McFarlane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-8034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole McFarlane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007231398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84993095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":null,"first_page":"494","last_page":"499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock-in-amplifier","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","score":0.6511488556861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6232882142066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.613876223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.558853268623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.5063663721084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.4763234555721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4509737193584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3901427090167999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3467116951942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17353081703186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.15202730894088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.09757161140441895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780259410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752933","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","level":4,"score":0.6511488556861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6232882142066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.613876223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.558853268623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.5063663721084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.4763234555721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4509737193584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3901427090167999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3467116951942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17353081703186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.15202730894088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.09757161140441895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2015.7151317","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969974684","https://openalex.org/W1972327763","https://openalex.org/W1983024989","https://openalex.org/W1991137835","https://openalex.org/W2037534204","https://openalex.org/W2045547599","https://openalex.org/W2053404641","https://openalex.org/W2074293729","https://openalex.org/W2136388349","https://openalex.org/W2169985335","https://openalex.org/W2171203100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155827627","https://openalex.org/W4312378593","https://openalex.org/W4242937255","https://openalex.org/W2131019417","https://openalex.org/W2018127069","https://openalex.org/W2132385758","https://openalex.org/W2766813066","https://openalex.org/W1593424929","https://openalex.org/W1999743466","https://openalex.org/W2032191016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"show":[1,62,86],"the":[2,20,25,66,83,87,94],"design":[3],"of":[4,24,44,65,77,82],"a":[5,36,74],"low-power,":[6],"multi-frequency":[7],"on-chip":[8],"current-mode":[9],"lock-in":[10,17],"amplifier":[11,18],"for":[12],"biomedical":[13],"impedance":[14,88],"sensing.":[15],"This":[16],"obtains":[19],"phase":[21],"and":[22,31,57,101],"magnitude":[23],"input":[26],"signals":[27],"in":[28],"analog":[29],"domain":[30],"therefore":[32],"does":[33],"not":[34],"require":[35],"digital":[37],"signal":[38],"processing":[39],"module.":[40],"It":[41],"is":[42],"composed":[43],"translinear":[45,51,55],"bandpass":[46,84],"filters,":[47,54],"4-quadrant":[48],"subthreshold":[49],"multipliers,":[50],"low":[52],"pass":[53],"pythagorators":[56],"dividers.":[58],"Monte":[59],"Carlo":[60],"results":[61,81],"that":[63],"80%":[64],"devices":[67],"will":[68],"perform":[69],"according":[70],"to":[71],"specifications":[72],"with":[73],"power":[75],"consumption":[76],"207.7":[78],"\u03bcW.":[79],"Experimental":[80],"modules":[85],"spectrum":[89],"can":[90],"be":[91],"determined":[92],"at":[93],"100":[95,102],"Hz,":[96],"1":[97],"kHz,":[98],"10":[99],"kHz":[100,103],"frequency":[104],"points.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}