{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041468446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860953","title":"The evaluation of blood flow velocity and heart rate by the frequency of oxygen saturation fluctuation in skin tissue","display_name":"The evaluation of blood flow velocity and heart rate by the frequency of oxygen saturation fluctuation in skin tissue","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041468446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860953","mag":"2041468446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860953","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056415038","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Yi Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-6132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Yi Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750297","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Cheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Cheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054806740","display_name":"Min-Wei Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-2921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Wei Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015744357","display_name":"Ching\u2010Ching Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9420-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Ching Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070078981","display_name":"Wen-Tse Hsiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-7351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Tse Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, TW","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056415038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69114031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1291","last_page":"1294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-saturation","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","score":0.6053977012634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin","display_name":"Hemoglobin","score":0.5836734175682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","score":0.5357984304428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen","display_name":"Oxygen","score":0.5128434300422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.47454389929771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.4719511568546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.3296201229095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3271462321281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3131522536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2904953360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.23092538118362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2191900908946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15060237050056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.10984736680984497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76538665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294669","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","level":3,"score":0.6053977012634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041","display_name":"Hemoglobin","level":2,"score":0.5836734175682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5357984304428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.5128434300422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.47454389929771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4719511568546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.3296201229095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3271462321281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3131522536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2904953360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.23092538118362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2191900908946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15060237050056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10984736680984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2014.6860953","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999704754","https://openalex.org/W2032934661","https://openalex.org/W2045721726","https://openalex.org/W2050747960","https://openalex.org/W2053040583","https://openalex.org/W2067957471","https://openalex.org/W2096625714","https://openalex.org/W2097120013","https://openalex.org/W2141387318","https://openalex.org/W6674589794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413574007","https://openalex.org/W4235499160","https://openalex.org/W2350944202","https://openalex.org/W1987763973","https://openalex.org/W3029814113","https://openalex.org/W1535341781","https://openalex.org/W3197047854","https://openalex.org/W3030808557","https://openalex.org/W2088703675","https://openalex.org/W1970577828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168],"oxygen":[1,26,55,162],"in":[2,141,186,205],"human":[3,30],"body":[4],"is":[5],"transported":[6],"by":[7,240],"the":[8,20,25,37,52,72,86,93,115,126,148,161,171,190,209,214,218],"hemoglobin":[9],"and":[10,12,39,50,81,90,110,125,129,143,184,189,202,211],"blood,":[11],"blood":[13],"flow":[14],"velocity":[15],"(BFV)":[16],"was":[17,100],"related":[18],"to":[19,35,84,102,114,159,217],"heart":[21],"rate":[22],"(HR);":[23],"therefore,":[24],"saturation":[27,56,163],"image":[28],"of":[29,41,54,75,118,150,154,165,220],"skin":[31,155,166],"can":[32,68,156,236],"be":[33,69,157,237],"used":[34,158],"evaluate":[36],"HR":[38,210],"BFV":[40,89,212],"human.":[42],"When":[43],"irradiating":[44],"two":[45,104,233],"different":[46],"wavelengths":[47],"light":[48,98,106,120],"alternately":[49],"repeatedly,":[51],"frequency":[53,219],"(SpO":[57],"<inf":[58,64,77,132,173,192,222,227,242],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[59,65,78,133,174,193,223,228,243],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</inf>":[60,79,134,175,194,224,244],")":[61,67,135],"fluctuation":[62,225],"(f":[63,226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">c</inf>":[66,229],"obtained":[70],"from":[71],"Fourier":[73],"transformation":[74],"SpO":[76,172,191,221,241],"images,":[80],"roughly":[82],"applied":[83],"build":[85],"relationship":[87,216],"between":[88],"HR.":[91],"In":[92],"experiment,":[94],"a":[95,137],"high":[96,139],"speed":[97],"controller":[99],"employed":[101],"switch":[103],"LED":[105],"source":[107],"(red-660":[108],"nm":[109],"NIR-890":[111],"nm).":[112],"Due":[113],"penetration":[116],"depth":[117],"incident":[119],"increases":[121],"with":[122],"increasing":[123],"wavelength,":[124],"deoxy-hemoglobin":[127],"(Hb)":[128],"oxy-hemoglobin":[130],"(HbO":[131],"has":[136],"relatively":[138],"absorptivity":[140],"visible":[142],"near-infrared":[144],"(NIR)":[145],"spectrum,":[146],"respectively;":[147],"intensity":[149],"diffuse":[151],"reflected":[152],"images":[153,164],"compute":[160],"tissue.":[167],"experiments":[169],"show":[170],"after":[176,195],"3":[177,182,206],"minutes":[178,197],"exercise":[179,198],"would":[180],"decrease":[181],"%":[183,201],"recover":[185],"100":[187],"seconds,":[188],"30":[196],"increased":[199],"1.5":[200],"became":[203],"stable":[204],"minutes.":[207],"Simultaneously,":[208],"have":[213],"linear":[215],"),":[230],"so":[231],"both":[232],"physiological":[234],"indexes":[235],"directly":[238],"evaluated":[239],"images.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}