{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949793452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2019.8741032","title":"Detecting Recycled SoCs by Exploiting Aging Induced Biases in Memory Cells","display_name":"Detecting Recycled SoCs by Exploiting Aging Induced Biases in Memory Cells","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949793452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2019.8741032","mag":"2949793452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2019.8741032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2019.8741032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079601863","display_name":"Ujjwal Guin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Guin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329062","display_name":"Wendong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-7609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113455608","display_name":"Charles A. Harper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Harper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104362993","display_name":"Adit D. Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adit D. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94680546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"72","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.8696044087409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6373412013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6370206475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5931469798088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5907955765724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4736417829990387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.47201675176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.43899255990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.28352582454681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25944215059280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12486597895622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08755925297737122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.8696044087409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6373412013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370206475257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5931469798088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5907955765724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4736417829990387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.47201675176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.43899255990982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28352582454681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25944215059280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12486597895622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08755925297737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2019.8741032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2019.8741032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964322187","https://openalex.org/W1992413325","https://openalex.org/W1993023092","https://openalex.org/W1995505545","https://openalex.org/W2007280892","https://openalex.org/W2035407142","https://openalex.org/W2041424982","https://openalex.org/W2066647049","https://openalex.org/W2069452468","https://openalex.org/W2071691160","https://openalex.org/W2083270183","https://openalex.org/W2085047243","https://openalex.org/W2091664166","https://openalex.org/W2093439000","https://openalex.org/W2096581954","https://openalex.org/W2099101940","https://openalex.org/W2112414127","https://openalex.org/W2112787602","https://openalex.org/W2114131053","https://openalex.org/W2119821681","https://openalex.org/W2124458446","https://openalex.org/W2133328603","https://openalex.org/W2158902938","https://openalex.org/W2167981182","https://openalex.org/W2300806133","https://openalex.org/W2307493678","https://openalex.org/W2343421128","https://openalex.org/W2422685390","https://openalex.org/W2798461574","https://openalex.org/W2808442774","https://openalex.org/W4243195860","https://openalex.org/W6649424060","https://openalex.org/W6673357431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2119025037","https://openalex.org/W2065289416","https://openalex.org/W2017236304","https://openalex.org/W2115579119","https://openalex.org/W2136854845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rise":[1],"of":[2,52,87,94,104,115,143,216],"recycled":[3,80],"ICs":[4,55,81],"being":[5],"sold":[6],"as":[7,39,120],"new":[8,47,73,137,188],"through":[9],"the":[10,50,84,92,95,102,111,131,148,214,217],"global":[11],"semiconductor":[12],"supply":[13],"chain":[14],"is":[15,59,181,191],"a":[16,72,121,136],"serious":[17],"threat":[18],"due":[19,163],"to":[20,32,90,123,147,164,184,212],"their":[21,33],"inferior":[22],"quality,":[23],"shorter":[24],"remaining":[25],"life,":[26],"and":[27,74,113,150,154,187],"potentially":[28],"poorer":[29],"performance,":[30],"compared":[31],"authentic":[34],"counterparts.":[35],"While":[36],"solutions,":[37],"such":[38],"on-chip":[40,88],"age":[41,93],"monitors,":[42],"have":[43],"been":[44],"proposed":[45,218],"for":[46,78],"designs,":[48],"detecting":[49,79],"recycling":[51],"older":[53],"legacy":[54],"already":[56],"in":[57,135,161,166,171],"use":[58],"much":[60],"harder;":[61],"no":[62],"reliable":[63],"solution":[64],"currently":[65],"exists.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,157,176],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,129],"propose":[71],"highly":[75],"effective":[76],"approach":[77],"by":[82],"exploiting":[83],"powerup":[85],"state":[86],"SRAMs":[89,169],"evaluate":[91],"chip.":[96],"Our":[97],"methodology":[98],"does":[99,196],"not":[100,197],"require":[101,198],"introduction":[103],"any":[105,199],"special":[106,200],"aging":[107,165,178],"detection":[108,179],"circuitry,":[109],"nor":[110],"recording":[112],"saving":[114],"historical":[116],"circuit":[117],"performance":[118],"data":[119],"reference":[122],"detect":[124],"degradation":[125],"from":[126],"use.":[127],"Instead,":[128],"exploit":[130],"novel":[132],"observation":[133],"that":[134,156],"unused":[138],"SRAM,":[139],"an":[140],"equal":[141],"number":[142],"cells":[144],"power":[145],"up":[146],"0":[149],"1":[151],"logic":[152],"states,":[153],"also":[155,192],"distribution":[158],"becomes":[159],"skewed":[160],"time":[162],"operation.":[167],"Since":[168],"exist":[170],"virtually":[172],"all":[173],"systems-on-chip":[174],"(SoCs),":[175],"simple":[177],"method":[180],"widely":[182],"applicable":[183],"both":[185],"old":[186],"designs.":[189],"It":[190],"low":[193],"cost":[194],"since":[195],"test":[201],"equipment.":[202],"We":[203],"present":[204],"experimental":[205],"results":[206],"using":[207],"commercial":[208],"off-the-shelf":[209],"SRAM":[210],"chips":[211],"validate":[213],"effectiveness":[215],"approach.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}