{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1524250393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2015.7140252","title":"Evaluating the security of logic encryption algorithms","display_name":"Evaluating the security of logic encryption algorithms","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1524250393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2015.7140252","mag":"1524250393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2015.7140252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2015.7140252","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008664161","display_name":"Pramod Subramanyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-3396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Subramanyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044595322","display_name":"Sayak Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-6715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayak Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085975362","display_name":"Sharad Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-5443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharad Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008664161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.9537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":760,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99956503,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"137","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8706560134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.8437713384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6927682161331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6082500219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5713924765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-encryption","display_name":"Multiple encryption","score":0.546394944190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-encryption","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","score":0.5159283876419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47600850462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4221961200237274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterministic-encryption","display_name":"Deterministic encryption","score":0.41565656661987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3460514545440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2310989797115326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1264612078666687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8706560134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.8437713384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927682161331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6082500219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5713924765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.546394944190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.5159283876419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47600850462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4221961200237274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57795399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265706","display_name":"Deterministic encryption","level":4,"score":0.41565656661987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3460514545440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2310989797115326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1264612078666687}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2015.7140252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2015.7140252","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117707387","https://openalex.org/W136869864","https://openalex.org/W1565539145","https://openalex.org/W1595368737","https://openalex.org/W1605798759","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2014319462","https://openalex.org/W2028522822","https://openalex.org/W2038758190","https://openalex.org/W2059104054","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2070402310","https://openalex.org/W2081138958","https://openalex.org/W2083314129","https://openalex.org/W2124954128","https://openalex.org/W2134734244","https://openalex.org/W2150932843","https://openalex.org/W2164152592","https://openalex.org/W3129931346","https://openalex.org/W3150532282","https://openalex.org/W4235567996","https://openalex.org/W6633762270","https://openalex.org/W6636213630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035368545","https://openalex.org/W4361852638","https://openalex.org/W2381682851","https://openalex.org/W2545606581","https://openalex.org/W2311845038","https://openalex.org/W2110727892","https://openalex.org/W2377954945","https://openalex.org/W4385616439","https://openalex.org/W2364426341","https://openalex.org/W2377262382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"integrated":[1],"circuits":[2,158],"are":[3,52,149],"designed":[4],"and":[5,17,98,172,177],"manufactured":[6],"in":[7],"a":[8,43,78,91,106,127],"globalized":[9],"environment":[10],"leading":[11],"to":[12,23,54,69,85,151,164,183],"concerns":[13],"of":[14,21,45,73,94,113,130,147,174],"piracy,":[15],"overproduction":[16],"counterfeiting.":[18],"One":[19],"class":[20],"techniques":[22],"combat":[24],"these":[25,148],"threats":[26],"is":[27,121],"logic":[28,74,138,185],"encryption.":[29,75],"Logic":[30],"encryption":[31,139,186],"modifies":[32],"an":[33,83,87],"IC":[34],"design":[35],"such":[36],"that":[37,109,145,180],"it":[38],"operates":[39],"correctly":[40],"only":[41],"when":[42,118],"set":[44,53],"newly":[46],"introduced":[47],"inputs,":[48,51],"called":[49],"key":[50,115],"the":[55,71,114,119,141,155,170],"correct":[56],"values.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,159,161],"use":[62],"algorithms":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"satisfiability":[66],"checking":[67],"(SAT)":[68],"investigate":[70],"security":[72],"We":[76,103,125,143,168],"present":[77,105],"SAT-based":[79],"algorithm":[80,108],"which":[81],"allows":[82],"attacker":[84],"\u201cdecrypt\u201d":[86],"encrypted":[88,157],"netlist":[89],"using":[90],"small":[92],"number":[93],"carefully-selected":[95],"input":[96],"patterns":[97],"their":[99],"corresponding":[100],"output":[101],"observations.":[102],"also":[104],"\u201cpartial-break\u201d":[107],"can":[110],"reveal":[111],"some":[112],"inputs":[116],"even":[117],"attack":[120,132,176],"not":[122],"fully":[123],"successful.":[124],"conduct":[126],"thorough":[128],"evaluation":[129],"our":[131,152,175],"by":[133],"examining":[134],"six":[135],"proposals":[136],"for":[137],"from":[140],"literature.":[142],"find":[144],"all":[146],"vulnerable":[150],"attack.":[153],"Among":[154],"441":[156],"examined,":[160],"were":[162],"able":[163],"decrypt":[165],"418":[166],"(95%).":[167],"discuss":[169],"strengths":[171],"limitations":[173],"suggest":[178],"directions":[179],"may":[181],"lead":[182],"improved":[184],"algorithms.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}