{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038861118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2014.6855574","title":"EM-based detection of hardware trojans on FPGAs","display_name":"EM-based detection of hardware trojans on FPGAs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038861118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2014.6855574","mag":"2038861118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2014.6855574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2014.6855574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056134243","display_name":"Oliver Soll","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Soll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, AT","Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications (IAIK), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, AT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications (IAIK), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039266038","display_name":"Thomas Korak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Korak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, AT","Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications (IAIK), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, AT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications (IAIK), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089692023","display_name":"Michael Muehlberghuber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799323385","display_name":"Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvn4p91","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Muehlberghuber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, ZH, CH","Integrated Systems Laboratory (IIS), ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, ZH, CH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Systems Laboratory (IIS), ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032974710","display_name":"Michael Hutter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0138-5151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hutter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, AT","Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications (IAIK), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, AT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications (IAIK), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95656227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"84","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.8592745065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.7705116271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7351968288421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7250336408615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5362190008163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.4345533847808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36267930269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1147412359714508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.8592745065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.7705116271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7351968288421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7250336408615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5362190008163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.4345533847808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36267930269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1147412359714508}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2014.6855574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2014.6855574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76992657","https://openalex.org/W1971885067","https://openalex.org/W1975607764","https://openalex.org/W1989761413","https://openalex.org/W2005006301","https://openalex.org/W2012032225","https://openalex.org/W2020774388","https://openalex.org/W2098536553","https://openalex.org/W2109850893","https://openalex.org/W2115066922","https://openalex.org/W2127992996","https://openalex.org/W2142009725","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2171549192","https://openalex.org/W2172075479","https://openalex.org/W6674690352","https://openalex.org/W6685194180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1526642037","https://openalex.org/W4321062229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,97],"detectability":[1,85],"of":[2,67,86,117,127],"malicious":[3,102],"circuitry":[4],"on":[5,110],"FPGAs":[6],"with":[7,90],"varying":[8,91],"placement":[9],"properties":[10,116],"yet":[11],"has":[12,131],"to":[13,27,46,58,61],"be":[14],"investigated.":[15],"authors":[17,98],"utilize":[18],"a":[19,29,40,68,73],"Xilinx":[20],"Virtex-II":[21],"Pro":[22],"target":[23,70],"platform":[24],"in":[25],"order":[26],"insert":[28],"sequential":[30],"denial-of-service":[31],"Trojan":[32,88,119,137],"into":[33],"an":[34,56],"existing":[35],"AES":[36],"design":[37],"by":[38],"manipulating":[39],"Xilinx-specific,":[41],"intermediate":[42],"file":[43],"format":[44],"prior":[45],"the":[47,62,84,101,104,112,118,125,133],"bitstream":[48],"generation.":[49],"Thereby,":[50],"there":[51],"is":[52],"no":[53],"need":[54],"for":[55,77],"attacker":[57],"acquire":[59],"access":[60],"hardware":[63],"description":[64],"language":[65],"representation":[66],"potential":[69],"architecture.":[71],"Using":[72],"side-channel":[74],"analysis":[75],"setup":[76],"electromagnetic":[78],"emanation":[79],"(EM)":[80],"measurements,":[81],"they":[82],"evaluate":[83],"different":[87],"designs":[89,106],"location":[92,113],"and":[93,107,114],"logic":[94,120],"distribution":[95,115],"properties.":[96],"successfully":[99],"distinguish":[100],"from":[103],"genuine":[105],"provide":[108],"information":[109],"how":[111],"affect":[121],"its":[122],"detectability.":[123],"To":[124],"best":[126],"their":[128],"knowledge,":[129],"this":[130],"been":[132],"first":[134],"practically":[135],"conducted":[136],"detection":[138],"using":[139],"localized":[140],"EM":[141],"measurements.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}