{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081432934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2013.6581559","title":"Localized electromagnetic analysis of RO PUFs","display_name":"Localized electromagnetic analysis of RO PUFs","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081432934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2013.6581559","mag":"2081432934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2013.6581559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2013.6581559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042778157","display_name":"Dominik Merli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2310-5895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136922","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0bbr97","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Merli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107225611","display_name":"Johann Heyszl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136922","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0bbr97","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Heyszl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064140948","display_name":"Benedikt Heinz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136922","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0bbr97","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt Heinz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017876761","display_name":"Dieter Schuster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136922","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0bbr97","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Schuster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059204478","display_name":"Frederic Stumpf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136922","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03w0bbr97","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Stumpf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Research Institution for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026512033","display_name":"Georg Sigl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-941X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Sigl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Security in Information Technology, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Security in Information Technology, TU M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94936273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8247643709182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.6346182823181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6090973615646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5059906840324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.49457141757011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46724891662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-block","display_name":"Logic block","score":0.46180978417396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.4334970712661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42895931005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4273381531238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4160270094871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37684619426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33583247661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.31305992603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20237189531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1789340078830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.16520580649375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12462255358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10968685150146484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8247643709182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.6346182823181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6090973615646362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5059906840324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.49457141757011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46724891662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778325283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125244","display_name":"Logic block","level":3,"score":0.46180978417396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4334970712661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42895931005477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4273381531238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4160270094871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37684619426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33583247661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.31305992603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20237189531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1789340078830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.16520580649375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12462255358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10968685150146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2013.6581559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2013.6581559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1173018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.hostsymposium.org/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/381158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/381158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59374396","https://openalex.org/W199979595","https://openalex.org/W1490760466","https://openalex.org/W1520248614","https://openalex.org/W1537450689","https://openalex.org/W1592082951","https://openalex.org/W1793054443","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2056298050","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2174648984","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W6608099413","https://openalex.org/W6631136416","https://openalex.org/W6676995458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378749186","https://openalex.org/W2364088131","https://openalex.org/W2362741838","https://openalex.org/W2121017442","https://openalex.org/W1790664656","https://openalex.org/W4327774285","https://openalex.org/W2373258662","https://openalex.org/W2164595519","https://openalex.org/W4297337454","https://openalex.org/W1990901299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"all":[1],"proposed":[2,61,122],"Physical":[3],"Unclonable":[4],"Functions":[5],"(PUFs),":[6],"those":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9,125],"Ring":[10],"Oscillators":[11],"(ROs)":[12],"are":[13,137],"a":[14,36,62,85,96,102,108,126],"popular":[15],"solution":[16],"for":[17,22,64,112],"ASICs":[18],"as":[19,21],"well":[20],"FPGAs.":[23],"However,":[24],"compared":[25],"to":[26,77,139],"other":[27],"PUF":[28,130],"architectures,":[29],"oscillators":[30],"emit":[31],"electromagnetic":[32],"(EM)":[33],"signals":[34],"over":[35],"relatively":[37],"long":[38],"run":[39],"time,":[40],"which":[41],"directly":[42],"reveal":[43],"their":[44,65],"unique":[45],"frequencies.":[46],"Previous":[47],"work":[48],"by":[49,56],"Merli":[50],"et":[51],"al.":[52],"exploited":[53],"this":[54,68],"fact":[55],"global":[57],"EM":[58,82,110,141],"measurements":[59],"and":[60,79,114,143,153],"countermeasure":[63],"attack.":[66],"In":[67],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,106],"first":[71],"demonstrate":[72],"that":[73,134],"it":[74],"is":[75],"feasible":[76],"measure":[78],"locate":[80],"the":[81,121],"emission":[83],"of":[84,90,101,149],"single":[86,97],"tiny":[87],"RO":[88,116,129,135,150],"consisting":[89],"only":[91],"three":[92],"inverters,":[93],"implemented":[94],"within":[95],"configurable":[98],"logic":[99,152],"block":[100],"Xilinx":[103],"Spartan-3A.":[104],"Second,":[105],"present":[107],"localized":[109,140],"attack":[111,124],"standard":[113],"protected":[115,127],"PUFs.":[117],"We":[118,132],"practically":[119],"investigate":[120],"side-channel":[123],"FPGA":[128],"implementation.":[131],"show":[133],"PUFs":[136],"prone":[138],"attacks":[142],"propose":[144],"two":[145],"countermeasures,":[146],"namely,":[147],"randomization":[148],"measurement":[151],"interleaved":[154],"placement.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
