{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976038598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2010.5513099","title":"Entropy extraction in metastability-based TRNG","display_name":"Entropy extraction in metastability-based TRNG","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976038598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2010.5513099","mag":"1976038598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2010.5513099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2010.5513099","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078003656","display_name":"Vikram Suresh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-1967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikram B. Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033415719","display_name":"Wayne Burleson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-4351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne P. Burleson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts: Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87091078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"135","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6948448419570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5741653442382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5614379048347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4467047154903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.41700971126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3739144504070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3723108470439911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19326913356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10765686631202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08989515900611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08179184794425964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6948448419570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5741653442382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5614379048347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4467047154903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.41700971126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3739144504070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3723108470439911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19326913356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10765686631202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08989515900611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08179184794425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hst.2010.5513099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hst.2010.5513099","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.666.1284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.666.1284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rfid-cusp.org/papers/Entropy_Extraction_in_Metastability_based_TRNG_camera_ready_final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565273324","https://openalex.org/W2034960026","https://openalex.org/W2095609723","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2117205818","https://openalex.org/W2119723794","https://openalex.org/W2122639016","https://openalex.org/W2135779185","https://openalex.org/W2145640208","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2170666119","https://openalex.org/W2177571745","https://openalex.org/W2696718061","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W3151438815","https://openalex.org/W6633818482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148717199","https://openalex.org/W4382565725","https://openalex.org/W2946330045","https://openalex.org/W2905070931","https://openalex.org/W2916414482","https://openalex.org/W4200427489","https://openalex.org/W2116038428","https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W2613204521","https://openalex.org/W4388000846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"True":[0],"Random":[1],"Number":[2],"Generators":[3],"(TRNG)":[4],"implemented":[5],"in":[6,14,23,140],"deep":[7],"sub":[8],"micron":[9],"(DSM)":[10],"technologies":[11],"become":[12],"biased":[13],"bit":[15,79],"generation":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,37,43,113],"process":[19,103],"variations":[20],"and":[21,33,60,109,135],"fluctuations":[22],"operating":[24],"conditions.":[25],"A":[26],"variety":[27],"of":[28,53,87],"mechanisms":[29],"ranging":[30],"from":[31],"analog":[32],"digital":[34,54],"circuit":[35,65,127],"techniques":[36],"algorithmic":[38],"post-processing":[39,55],"can":[40],"be":[41],"employed":[42],"remove":[44],"bias.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work":[48],"we":[49],"compare":[50],"the":[51,57,83,88,95,106,114],"effectiveness":[52],"using":[56],"XOR":[58,107],"function":[59,108],"Von":[61,115],"Neumann":[62,116],"Corrector":[63,117],"with":[64],"calibration":[66,96,128],"technique":[67,97],"for":[68,85,100,137],"a":[69],"meta-stability":[70],"based":[71],"reference":[72],"TRNG":[73],"design.":[74],"The":[75,91,122],"energy":[76],"consumption":[77],"per":[78],"is":[80,98],"used":[81],"as":[82],"metric":[84],"comparison":[86],"different":[89],"techniques.":[90],"results":[92],"indicate":[93],"that":[94,126],"effective":[99],"12%":[101],"larger":[102],"variation":[104],"than":[105],"extracts":[110],"entropy":[111,134],"comparable":[112],"at":[118],"56%":[119],"lesser":[120],"energy/bit.":[121],"analysis":[123],"thereby":[124],"demonstrates":[125],"provides":[129],"an":[130],"efficient":[131],"tradeoff":[132],"between":[133],"energy/bit":[136],"removing":[138],"bias":[139],"lightweight":[141],"TRNG.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}