{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401452985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613595","title":"Creating a Digital Twin for a Hydroponic Green Fodder System to Evaluate an Improved Airflow Configuration","display_name":"Creating a Digital Twin for a Hydroponic Green Fodder System to Evaluate an Improved Airflow Configuration","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401452985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 16th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050379524","display_name":"Nicolaas Luwes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-1894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110603874","display_name":"Central University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/033z08192","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolaas Luwes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-1894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106382885","display_name":"Hendrik Christiaan Brits","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7239-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110603874","display_name":"Central University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/033z08192","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik Christiaan Brits","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7239-9308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106382886","display_name":"Kyle Philip Badenhorst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5973-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110603874","display_name":"Central University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/033z08192","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Philip Badenhorst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5973-6860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106382887","display_name":"Evane Dior Bester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0963-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110603874","display_name":"Central University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/033z08192","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evane Dior Bester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0963-3455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110603874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76293677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9034000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"Airflow","score":0.8008012771606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fodder","display_name":"Fodder","score":0.7006443738937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48219290375709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.41883641481399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2832697629928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.23096993565559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.15775561332702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0864727795124054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.8008012771606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513193947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211439","display_name":"Fodder","level":2,"score":0.7006443738937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48219290375709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.41883641481399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2832697629928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23096993565559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.15775561332702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0864727795124054}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 16th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542362634","https://openalex.org/W2962738122","https://openalex.org/W3089030876","https://openalex.org/W3126456772","https://openalex.org/W3127757142","https://openalex.org/W3128018143","https://openalex.org/W3198266985","https://openalex.org/W4200323545","https://openalex.org/W4281861131","https://openalex.org/W4293771312","https://openalex.org/W4300981940","https://openalex.org/W4323833505","https://openalex.org/W4324147993","https://openalex.org/W4384067905","https://openalex.org/W6783801710","https://openalex.org/W6804838669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4312232666","https://openalex.org/W2397543525","https://openalex.org/W2149418938","https://openalex.org/W4240457684","https://openalex.org/W2554916600","https://openalex.org/W2079518400","https://openalex.org/W2356039209","https://openalex.org/W2014559241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0,80],"Cities":[1],"is":[2,25,61,86,94,110],"a":[3,106,148,154,166,175,187,209,214],"research":[4,24,55,60],"domain":[5,56],"that":[6,72,83,123,177],"focuses":[7],"on":[8],"achieving":[9],"sustainable":[10,30],"development":[11],"amidst":[12],"population":[13],"growth.":[14],"One":[15],"key":[16],"facet":[17,33],"within":[18,195],"the":[19,26,40,138,143,196,243,253,264,273],"realm":[20],"of":[21,28,34,42,57,147,165,172,193,275],"smart":[22,29,35,51,58],"city":[23],"exploration":[27],"farming.":[31,53,79],"A":[32,54],"farming":[36,59,81],"aims":[37],"to":[38,100,241,252,259],"address":[39],"challenges":[41,85],"land":[43],"scarcity":[44],"or":[45,183,189],"arid":[46,68],"and":[47,50,65,69,97,109,145,169,219,229,246,267,269],"semiarid":[48],"zones":[49,71],"urban":[52,78],"enhancing":[62],"animal":[63],"feeding":[64],"nutrition":[66],"in":[67,129,162,186],"semi-arid":[70],"could":[73,178,212],"also":[74,271],"be":[75,213,239],"aimed":[76],"towards":[77],"technology":[82],"addresses":[84],"hydroponic":[87,156,197],"green":[88,92,115,157,198],"fodder":[89,93,116,158,199],"systems.":[90],"Hydroponic":[91,114],"an":[95,250],"efficient":[96],"economical":[98],"alternative":[99],"obtain":[101],"food":[102],"for":[103],"livestock":[104],"using":[105,276],"small":[107],"footprint":[108],"not":[111],"climate":[112],"dependent.":[113],"systems":[117,122,133],"are":[118,225,257],"typically":[119],"greenhouse":[120],"feedlot":[121],"grow":[124],"plants":[125],"without":[126],"soil":[127],"but":[128],"nutrient-rich":[130],"solutions.":[131],"These":[132],"have":[134],"continued":[135],"production":[136],"throughout":[137],"year.":[139],"This":[140],"paper":[141],"demonstrates":[142],"implementation":[144],"assessment":[146],"digital":[149,210,236,277],"airflow":[150,194],"twin,":[151],"derived":[152],"from":[153,263],"real-world":[155,265],"system.":[159,254],"The":[160,191,235,255],"system":[161,200,245],"question":[163],"consists":[164],"24-meter":[167],"square":[168],"produces":[170],"750kg":[171],"barley":[173],"sprouts":[174],"day":[176],"feed":[179],"either":[180],"375":[181],"sheep/goats":[182],"75":[184],"cattle":[185],"pen":[188],"enclosure.":[190],"efficiency":[192],"significantly":[201],"impacts":[202],"crop":[203],"yield.":[204],"To":[205],"enhance":[206],"this":[207],"efficiency,":[208],"twin":[211,237],"valuable":[215],"tool,":[216],"enabling":[217],"timely":[218],"costeffective":[220],"optimization":[221],"strategies.":[222],"Two":[223],"configurations":[224],"evaluated":[226],"one":[227,230],"standard,":[228],"improved":[231],"design":[232],"as":[233],"implemented.":[234],"can":[238],"used":[240],"monitor":[242],"Cyber-physical":[244],"has":[247],"already":[248],"shown":[249],"improvement":[251],"results":[256],"analyzed":[258],"what":[260],"was":[261],"observed":[262],"setup,":[266],"recommendations":[268],"discussions":[270],"highlight":[272],"benefits":[274],"twins.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}