{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410297301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hri61500.2025.10974079","title":"Questioning the Robot: Using Human Non-verbal Cues to Estimate the Need for Explanations","display_name":"Questioning the Robot: Using Human Non-verbal Cues to Estimate the Need for Explanations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410297301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hri61500.2025.10974079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hri61500.2025.10974079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hri61500.2025.10974079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 20th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025159195","display_name":"Dimosthenis Kontogiorgos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimosthenis Kontogiorgos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027711979","display_name":"Julie Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"717","last_page":"728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.6664000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.6664000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6470999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.664084792137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6242194771766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5004827976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4706142544746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4458594024181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3812080919742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2853233516216278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.664084792137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6242194771766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5004827976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4706142544746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4458594024181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3812080919742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2853233516216278}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hri61500.2025.10974079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hri61500.2025.10974079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 20th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978665606","https://openalex.org/W4287179229","https://openalex.org/W3205513966","https://openalex.org/W3120459843","https://openalex.org/W4366547574","https://openalex.org/W189465620","https://openalex.org/W4366818884","https://openalex.org/W2248308732","https://openalex.org/W4392651289","https://openalex.org/W3042490037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"black-box":[1],"AI":[2,58],"systems":[3],"become":[4],"increasingly":[5],"complex,":[6],"understanding":[7],"when":[8],"and":[9,64,92,128,148,163,170],"how":[10,28,81,156],"to":[11,14,119,139,144],"provide":[12],"explanations":[13,30,47,142,166],"users":[15,116],"is":[16],"crucial.":[17],"Multimodal":[18],"signals,":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21],"facial":[22,39,133],"expressions,":[23],"offer":[24],"novel":[25],"insights":[26,88],"into":[27,89],"frequently":[29],"should":[31],"be":[32],"given.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"explores":[36],"whether":[37],"users\u2019":[38],"features":[40],"can":[41,159],"help":[42],"estimate":[43],"the":[44,68,82,125,136,145,161,173],"need":[45],"for":[46],"in":[48,132,178],"a":[49,98,104],"collaborative":[50],"robot":[51,137],"task.":[52],"We":[53],"applied":[54],"three":[55],"state-of-the-art":[56],"eXplainable":[57],"(XAI)":[59],"methods,":[60],"addressing":[61],"how,":[62],"why,":[63],"what-if":[65,141],"questions,":[66],"explaining":[67],"robot's":[69],"failure":[70],"detection":[71],"model.":[72],"Each":[73],"explanation":[74,110],"type":[75,164],"conveyed":[76],"information":[77],"differently:":[78],"how-explanations":[79],"described":[80],"model":[83,176],"functions,":[84],"why-explanations":[85,123],"prowided":[86],"personalised":[87],"input-feature-related":[90],"cues,":[91],"what-if-explanations":[93],"explored":[94],"alternative":[95],"scenarios.":[96],"In":[97],"mixed-design":[99],"study":[100],"($\\mathrm{N}=33$),":[101],"participants":[102],"performed":[103],"robot-assisted":[105],"pick-and-place":[106],"task,":[107],"receiving":[108],"different":[109],"types.":[111],"Our":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115],"responded":[117],"differently":[118],"these":[120],"explanations,":[121],"with":[122,135],"being":[124],"most":[126],"preferred":[127],"prompting":[129],"closer":[130],"alignment":[131,147],"expressions":[134],"Contrary":[138],"expectations,":[140],"led":[143],"least":[146],"required":[149],"greater":[150],"vocal":[151],"effort.":[152],"These":[153],"findings":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"non-verbal":[157],"cues":[158],"guide":[160],"frequency":[162],"of":[165,175],"(personalised":[167],"or":[168],"general)":[169],"further":[171],"highlight":[172],"importance":[174],"transparency":[177],"human-robot":[179],"collaboration.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}