{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995021131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpsr.2013.6602304","title":"Load-balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann switches and fat-tree networks","display_name":"Load-balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann switches and fat-tree networks","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995021131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpsr.2013.6602304","mag":"1995021131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpsr.2013.6602304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpsr.2013.6602304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079870897","display_name":"Hung-Shih Chueh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung-Shih Chueh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111448700","display_name":"Ching-Min Lien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Min Lien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016945609","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Shang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Shang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103185529","display_name":"Jay Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043136272","display_name":"Duan\u2010Shin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duan-Shin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Commun. Eng., Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74466474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"c 29","issue":null,"first_page":"142","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7303791046142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6917458772659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6338784694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5655925869941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5327771902084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5309659242630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.49621134996414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.44795361161231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4447008967399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38759005069732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36818939447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.337912380695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2778582274913788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7303791046142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6917458772659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6338784694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5655925869941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5327771902084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5309659242630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.49621134996414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.44795361161231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4447008967399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38759005069732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36818939447402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.337912380695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2778582274913788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpsr.2013.6602304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpsr.2013.6602304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.642.3237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.642.3237","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ee.nthu.edu.tw/cschang/Fat-TreeHPSR2013final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028613093","https://openalex.org/W2042876290","https://openalex.org/W2067692201","https://openalex.org/W2071274877","https://openalex.org/W2095307363","https://openalex.org/W2103354813","https://openalex.org/W2105413189","https://openalex.org/W2106337877","https://openalex.org/W2117358494","https://openalex.org/W2123063478","https://openalex.org/W2138751028","https://openalex.org/W2155187164","https://openalex.org/W2156496677","https://openalex.org/W3017089570","https://openalex.org/W3147460469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2086397253","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2133122801","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1983399550","https://openalex.org/W97075385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fat-tree":[0],"networks":[1],"have":[2,126,138],"been":[3,127],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,16,69,83,106,202],"the":[7,13,22,33,36,39,43,47,50,66,77,86,98,119,143,156,179,196,208,213,228],"field":[8],"of":[9,12,24,35,45,118,174,212,223],"Network-on-Chip.":[10],"One":[11],"key":[14,110],"issues":[15],"a":[17,25,59,91,164,172,192,203,221],"fat-tree":[18,70,165,204],"network":[19,166],"is":[20,112,149,167],"that":[21,94,155,218,226],"degree":[23,198],"node":[26,201],"has":[27],"to":[28,38,113,129,142,170],"be":[29,53,160],"increased":[30],"rapidly":[31],"from":[32],"bottom":[34],"tree":[37,78,100],"root.":[40],"As":[41],"such,":[42],"complexity":[44,158],"implementing":[46],"switches":[48,125],"near":[49],"root":[51],"could":[52],"extremely":[54],"high,":[55],"and":[56,80,137,151],"this":[57],"poses":[58],"serious":[60],"scalability":[61,67],"issue.":[62],"To":[63],"cope":[64],"with":[65],"issue":[68],"networks,":[71],"many":[72],"previous":[73],"works":[74],"require":[75],"changing":[76],"topology":[79,101],"adding":[81,103],"buffers":[82,105],"nodes.":[84,108],"Unlike":[85],"existing":[87],"arts,":[88],"we":[89,189,216],"adopt":[90],"different":[92],"approach":[93],"can":[95,159],"still":[96],"maintain":[97],"original":[99],"without":[102],"any":[104],"internal":[107],"Our":[109],"idea":[111],"explore":[114],"various":[115],"nice":[116],"features":[117],"load-balanced":[120,183],"Birkhoff-von":[121,184],"Neumann":[122,185],"switches.":[123,186],"Such":[124],"shown":[128],"achieve":[130,227],"100%":[131],"throughput":[132],"for":[133,178,199],"all":[134],"admissible":[135],"traffic":[136,148],"comparable":[139],"delay":[140],"performance":[141],"ideal":[144],"output-buffered":[145],"switch":[146],"when":[147],"heavy":[150],"bursty.":[152],"We":[153],"show":[154,217],"implementation":[157],"greatly":[161],"reduced":[162],"if":[163],"only":[168],"required":[169,197],"realize":[171],"set":[173,222],"N":[175,180,182,224],"permutations":[176,225],"needed":[177],"\u00d7":[181],"For":[187],"this,":[188],"first":[190],"derive":[191],"lower":[193,229],"bound":[194],"on":[195],"each":[200],"network.":[205],"By":[206],"using":[207],"uniform":[209],"mapping":[210],"property":[211],"bit-reverse":[214],"permutation,":[215],"there":[219],"exists":[220],"bound.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}