{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390188682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec58863.2023.10363569","title":"SMOG: Accelerating Subgraph Matching on GPUs","display_name":"SMOG: Accelerating Subgraph Matching on GPUs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390188682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec58863.2023.10363569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec58863.2023.10363569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec58863.2023.10363569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332272","display_name":"Zhibin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7502-2181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","Alibaba Group\", National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/ Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group\", National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/ Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100981852","display_name":"Ziheng Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5478-3464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372201","display_name":"Xue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/ Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory,Alibaba Group&#x201C;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/ Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory,Alibaba Group&#x201C;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100958966","display_name":"Xi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2284-6842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023600493","display_name":"Long Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-2061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology","Zhejiang Lab"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751736","display_name":"Chen Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060268538","display_name":"Sheng Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-8730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University,State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100332272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85505653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8025121688842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6762765049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgraph-isomorphism-problem","display_name":"Subgraph isomorphism problem","score":0.6369198560714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5900485515594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5594240427017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4800368547439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-subgraph","display_name":"Induced subgraph","score":0.43087708950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4279877841472626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blossom-algorithm","display_name":"Blossom algorithm","score":0.41811811923980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3742460608482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1584896445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12966644763946533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8025121688842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6762765049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131992880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528185","display_name":"Subgraph isomorphism problem","level":3,"score":0.6369198560714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5900485515594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5594240427017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4800368547439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24743362","display_name":"Induced subgraph","level":4,"score":0.43087708950042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4279877841472626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61455927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030529","display_name":"Blossom algorithm","level":3,"score":0.41811811923980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3742460608482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1584896445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12966644763946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec58863.2023.10363569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec58863.2023.10363569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7075337647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325205,62072228,62322205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553420678","https://openalex.org/W1582397847","https://openalex.org/W2036265926","https://openalex.org/W2056897951","https://openalex.org/W2161723275","https://openalex.org/W2338082078","https://openalex.org/W2469279958","https://openalex.org/W2479445230","https://openalex.org/W2585082167","https://openalex.org/W2765218199","https://openalex.org/W2767203711","https://openalex.org/W2790789433","https://openalex.org/W2902906695","https://openalex.org/W2902968852","https://openalex.org/W2965557726","https://openalex.org/W2990536654","https://openalex.org/W3014850249","https://openalex.org/W3021196172","https://openalex.org/W3030126027","https://openalex.org/W3097653461","https://openalex.org/W3099551098","https://openalex.org/W3105423481","https://openalex.org/W3116971926","https://openalex.org/W3126138172","https://openalex.org/W3129485837","https://openalex.org/W3133642374","https://openalex.org/W3139183783","https://openalex.org/W3169645941","https://openalex.org/W3215085426","https://openalex.org/W4200252285","https://openalex.org/W4240241667","https://openalex.org/W4308090265","https://openalex.org/W4308090768","https://openalex.org/W4308090787","https://openalex.org/W6659573362","https://openalex.org/W6676904058","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6773400236","https://openalex.org/W6811007423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499279132","https://openalex.org/W3008959778","https://openalex.org/W2789636091","https://openalex.org/W4300575715","https://openalex.org/W2032950096","https://openalex.org/W1890324419","https://openalex.org/W2307034528","https://openalex.org/W176100319","https://openalex.org/W2789630860","https://openalex.org/W2076040942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subgraph":[0,67],"matching":[1,24,48,81,195],"is":[2,73],"a":[3,74,99],"crucial":[4],"problem":[5],"in":[6,12,151],"graph":[7,80,115,204],"theory":[8],"with":[9,178],"diverse":[10],"applications":[11],"fields,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"bioinformatics,":[16],"social":[17],"networks":[18],"and":[19,35,77,117,165,202],"recommendation":[20],"systems.":[21],"Accelerating":[22],"subgraph":[23,47,95,163,194],"can":[25,49],"be":[26,50],"greatly":[27],"facilitated":[28],"by":[29,132,198,208],"GPUs,":[30],"which":[31],"offer":[32],"exceptional":[33],"parallelism":[34,131],"high":[36],"memory":[37],"bandwidth.":[38],"By":[39],"leveraging":[40],"the":[41,89,105,108,114,124,134,174,193,203],"power":[42],"of":[43,56,91,182],"multiple":[44],"GPU":[45,120,148],"cards,":[46,149],"scaled":[51],"to":[52,123,142,146],"achieve":[53],"unprecedented":[54],"levels":[55],"performance.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"SMOG,":[63],"an":[64,152,179],"abbreviation":[65],"for.":[66],"Matching":[68],"On":[69],"Multi-Card":[70],"GPUs.":[71,86],"It":[72],"general,":[75],"high-performance":[76],"scalable":[78],"sub":[79],"system":[82,176,196,206],"that":[83,171],"utilizes":[84],"multi-card":[85],"To":[87],"address":[88],"issue":[90],"duplication":[92],"resulting":[93,150],"from":[94,144],"automorphism,":[96],"SMOG":[97,128,160,172],"introduces":[98],"two-step":[100],"approach.":[101],"Firstly,":[102],"it":[103,111,141,188],"analyzes":[104],"symmetry":[106],"within":[107],"subgraph.":[109,126],"Then,":[110],"adaptively":[112],"adjusts":[113],"preprocessing":[116],"generates":[118],"subgraph-aware":[119],"codes":[121],"tailored":[122],"given":[125],"Furthermore,":[127],"leverages":[129],"multi-level":[130],"designing":[133],"specific":[135],"strategy":[136],"for":[137],"each":[138],"level,":[139],"enabling":[140],"scale":[143],"1":[145],"1,024":[147],"extraordinary":[153],"<tex":[154,183,199,210],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[155,184,200,211],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$553\\times$</tex>":[156],"speedup.":[157],"We":[158],"evaluate":[159],"on":[161,213],"various":[162],"queries":[164],"datasets.":[166],"The":[167],"experimental":[168],"results":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"outperforms":[173],"triangle-specific":[175],"TRUST":[177],"average":[180],"speedup":[181],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$2.94\\times$</tex>":[185],".":[186],"And":[187],"performs":[189],"significantly":[190],"better":[191],"than":[192],"RPS":[197],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$203.55\\times$</tex>":[201],"processing":[205],"Gunrock":[207],"35,":[209],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$455.52\\times$</tex>":[212],"average.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
