{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308090233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec55821.2022.9926312","title":"HuGraph: Acceleration of GCN Training on Heterogeneous FPGA Clusters with Quantization","display_name":"HuGraph: Acceleration of GCN Training on Heterogeneous FPGA Clusters with Quantization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308090233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec55821.2022.9926312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec55821.2022.9926312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec55821.2022.9926312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102507634","display_name":"Letian Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Letian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000968348","display_name":"Qizhe Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qizhe Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395727","display_name":"Xiaotian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017010290","display_name":"Teng Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-5957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103326211","display_name":"Wei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1590-601X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046555671","display_name":"Xi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-0698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2486,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83273121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8380026817321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8057575225830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.7740639448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6855065226554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5604495406150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.5303381681442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44802412390708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4477425515651703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.4356909394264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3318871557712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26793575286865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2669900953769684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8380026817321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8057575225830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.7740639448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6855065226554871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5604495406150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.5303381681442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44802412390708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4477425515651703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.4356909394264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3318871557712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26793575286865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2669900953769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec55821.2022.9926312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec55821.2022.9926312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2124446952","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2559305746","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2890068895","https://openalex.org/W2898565872","https://openalex.org/W2904445802","https://openalex.org/W2945827377","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2963695795","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964571482","https://openalex.org/W2970090796","https://openalex.org/W3000310304","https://openalex.org/W3080555959","https://openalex.org/W3100078588","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101553402","https://openalex.org/W3105753905","https://openalex.org/W3106125969","https://openalex.org/W3123909522","https://openalex.org/W3162147375","https://openalex.org/W3213412677","https://openalex.org/W4211165432","https://openalex.org/W4226517395","https://openalex.org/W4281249911","https://openalex.org/W4281778222","https://openalex.org/W4282011755","https://openalex.org/W4282043800","https://openalex.org/W4283206530","https://openalex.org/W4288419263","https://openalex.org/W4292951128","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4312874675","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6677872732","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6748799445","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6760045743","https://openalex.org/W6765543928","https://openalex.org/W6766609504","https://openalex.org/W6776488958","https://openalex.org/W6778729859","https://openalex.org/W6781932242","https://openalex.org/W6805270856","https://openalex.org/W6810509694","https://openalex.org/W6838457449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1784146144","https://openalex.org/W2153079158","https://openalex.org/W2757410581","https://openalex.org/W2042026112","https://openalex.org/W2357202006","https://openalex.org/W1535506398","https://openalex.org/W3021371744","https://openalex.org/W2068258741","https://openalex.org/W2335592298","https://openalex.org/W1519611381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"convolutional":[1],"networks":[2],"(GCNs)":[3],"have":[4,33],"suc-ceeded":[5],"significantly":[6],"in":[7,98,165],"numerous":[8],"fields,":[9],"but":[10],"the":[11,27,34,61,70,166,171,212],"need":[12],"for":[13,53,111,131],"higher":[14],"performance":[15,122,192],"and":[16,41,123,139,189,207,218],"energy":[17,124],"efficiency":[18],"training":[19,89,176],"GCN":[20,54,59,88,175],"on":[21,90,185,215],"larger":[22],"graphs":[23],"continues":[24],"unabated.":[25],"At":[26],"same":[28],"time,":[29],"since":[30],"recon-figurable":[31],"accelerators":[32],"ability":[35],"to":[36,57,69,120,149,177,203],"fine-grained":[37],"custom":[38],"computing":[39],"modules":[40],"data":[42,100,133],"movement,":[43],"FPGAs":[44,65,96,154,157],"can":[45],"solve":[46],"problems":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49],"irregular":[50],"memory":[51],"access":[52],"computing.":[55],"Furthermore,":[56],"scale":[58],"computation,":[60],"use":[62],"of":[63,73,174],"heteroge-neous":[64],"is":[66,109,147],"inevitable":[67],"due":[68],"constant":[71],"iteration":[72],"new":[74],"FPGAs.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"we":[79],"propose":[80],"a":[81,103,143,183,186,194],"novel":[82,144],"framework,":[83],"HuGraph,":[84,95],"which":[85],"automatically":[86],"maps":[87],"heterogeneous":[91,153],"FPGA":[92,114,188,219],"clusters.":[93,115],"With":[94],"work":[97],"synchronous":[99],"parallelism":[101],"using":[102],"simple":[104],"ring":[105],"1D":[106],"topology":[107],"that":[108,156,199],"suitable":[110],"most":[112],"off-the-shelf":[113],"HuGraph":[116,127,169,200],"uses":[117],"three":[118],"approaches":[119],"advance":[121],"efficiency.":[125],"First,":[126],"applies":[128],"full-process":[129],"quantization":[130],"neighbor-sampling-based":[132],"parallel":[134],"training,":[135],"thereby":[136],"reducing":[137],"computation":[138],"mem-ory":[140],"consumption.":[141],"Second,":[142],"balanced":[145],"sampler":[146],"used":[148],"balance":[150],"workloads":[151],"among":[152],"so":[155],"with":[158,193,211,222],"fewer":[159],"resources":[160],"do":[161],"not":[162],"become":[163],"bottlenecks":[164],"cluster.":[167],"Third,":[168],"schedules":[170],"execution":[172],"order":[173],"minimize":[178],"time":[179],"overhead.":[180],"We":[181],"implement":[182],"prototype":[184],"single":[187],"evaluate":[190],"cluster-level":[191],"cycle-accurate":[195],"simulator.":[196],"Experiments":[197],"show":[198],"achieves":[201],"up":[202],"102.3":[204],"\u00d7,":[205],"4.62\u00d7,":[206],"11.1\u00d7":[208],"speedup":[209],"compared":[210],"state-of-the-art":[213],"works":[214],"CPU,":[216],"GPU,":[217],"platforms,":[220],"respectively,":[221],"negligible":[223],"accuracy":[224],"loss.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
