{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082761778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286176","title":"Homomorphic Encryption for Quantum Annealing with Spin Reversal Transformations","display_name":"Homomorphic Encryption for Quantum Annealing with Spin Reversal Transformations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082761778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286176","mag":"3082761778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.00111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072498681","display_name":"Daniel O\u2019Malley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-3088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel O'Malley","raw_affiliation_strings":["EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102938895","display_name":"John Golden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-0925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John K. Golden","raw_affiliation_strings":["EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EES-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory,Los Alamos,NM,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072498681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10395179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7862587571144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.736713707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.7175353765487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6962587237358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.46829313039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46576619148254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3788757622241974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28201621770858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16502267122268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13842207193374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07430276274681091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7862587571144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.736713707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.7175353765487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6962587237358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.46829313039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46576619148254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3788757622241974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28201621770858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16502267122268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13842207193374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07430276274681091}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00111","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.00111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3082761778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2009.00111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.00111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00111","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.00111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082761778.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082761778.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17575016","https://openalex.org/W1983624953","https://openalex.org/W2019013791","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2024860775","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2177209050","https://openalex.org/W2410943872","https://openalex.org/W2463684002","https://openalex.org/W2538025098","https://openalex.org/W2605422054","https://openalex.org/W2799995042","https://openalex.org/W2887230019","https://openalex.org/W2964323614","https://openalex.org/W2965416137","https://openalex.org/W2991210449","https://openalex.org/W6602271536","https://openalex.org/W6606067566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963589292","https://openalex.org/W2591374351","https://openalex.org/W2467674248","https://openalex.org/W2949694298","https://openalex.org/W2405716888","https://openalex.org/W2991858499","https://openalex.org/W3158532196","https://openalex.org/W3147780852","https://openalex.org/W1819119697","https://openalex.org/W3021150134","https://openalex.org/W2983918969","https://openalex.org/W2791224731","https://openalex.org/W2396536106","https://openalex.org/W1945892390","https://openalex.org/W3028654321","https://openalex.org/W86759278","https://openalex.org/W2771006519","https://openalex.org/W974835996","https://openalex.org/W2949060133","https://openalex.org/W2581652924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homomorphic":[0],"encryption":[1,18,89,117,150],"has":[2],"been":[3],"an":[4,64,85],"area":[5],"of":[6,16,73],"study":[7],"in":[8,111],"classical":[9,119,138],"computing":[10,139],"for":[11,28,90,118,153],"decades.":[12],"The":[13],"fundamental":[14],"goal":[15],"homomorphic":[17,88,116,146,149],"is":[19,110,140,151,191],"to":[20,24,35,51,77,87,113,115,161,183,192],"enable":[21],"(untrusted)":[22],"Oscar":[23,31,54,67],"perform":[25],"a":[26,123,165,199],"computation":[27,37,57,75],"Alice":[29,44],"without":[30],"knowing":[32],"the":[33,36,39,42,46,56,60,70,74,131,162,173,184],"input":[34,47],"or":[38,105],"output":[40],"from":[41],"computation.":[43,174],"encrypts":[45],"before":[48],"sending":[49],"it":[50,101],"Oscar,":[52],"and":[53,98,137,188],"performs":[55,172],"directly":[58],"on":[59,94],"encrypted":[61,65,71],"data,":[62],"producing":[63],"result.":[66],"then":[68],"sends":[69],"result":[72],"back":[76],"Alice,":[78],"who":[79],"can":[80],"decrypt":[81],"it.":[82],"We":[83],"describe":[84],"approach":[86],"quantum":[91,135,154,157,196],"annealing":[92,136,155],"based":[93],"spin":[95],"reversal":[96],"transformations":[97],"show":[99],"that":[100,130],"comes":[102],"with":[103,195],"little":[104],"no":[106],"performance":[107,132],"penalty.":[108],"This":[109,128],"contrast":[112],"approaches":[114],"computing,":[120],"which":[121],"incur":[122],"significant":[124],"additional":[125],"computational":[126],"cost.":[127],"implies":[129],"gap":[133],"between":[134],"reduced":[141],"when":[142],"both":[143],"paradigms":[144],"use":[145],"encryption.":[147],"Further,":[148],"critical":[152],"because":[156],"annealers":[158],"are":[159],"native":[160],"cloud":[163],"-":[164],"third":[166],"party":[167],"(such":[168],"as":[169,179],"untrusted":[170],"Oscar)":[171],"If":[175],"sensitive":[176],"information,":[177],"such":[178,198],"health-related":[180],"data":[181],"subject":[182],"Health":[185],"Insurance":[186],"Portability":[187],"Accountability":[189],"Act,":[190],"be":[193,202],"processed":[194],"annealers,":[197],"technique":[200],"could":[201],"useful.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2020-09-08T00:00:00"}