{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989723340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916459","title":"An FPGA Decision Tree Classifier to Supervise a Communication SoC","display_name":"An FPGA Decision Tree Classifier to Supervise a Communication SoC","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989723340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916459","mag":"2989723340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2019.8916459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039206428","display_name":"Abdelrahman Elkanishy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8513-0984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Elkanishy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033073768","display_name":"Derrick T. Rivera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick T. Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087778749","display_name":"Abdel\u2010Hameed A. Badawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-1449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058601877","display_name":"Paul M. Furth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-0590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Furth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031500797","display_name":"Z. M. Saifullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-8308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z.M. Saifullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084777218","display_name":"Christopher P. Michael","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher P. Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039206428"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78554657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7298049330711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6899045705795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6701455116271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4858946204185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree-learning","display_name":"Decision tree learning","score":0.4832961857318878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3749849200248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3031218647956848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7298049330711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6899045705795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6701455116271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4858946204185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5481197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16766476","display_name":"Decision tree learning","level":3,"score":0.4832961857318878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3749849200248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3031218647956848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2019.8916459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073230023","https://openalex.org/W2133146921","https://openalex.org/W2892436094","https://openalex.org/W2936461962","https://openalex.org/W2982484599","https://openalex.org/W2982558250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096844293","https://openalex.org/W2363944576","https://openalex.org/W2351041855","https://openalex.org/W2570254841","https://openalex.org/W2591672004","https://openalex.org/W1982169401","https://openalex.org/W2356463514","https://openalex.org/W4319437832","https://openalex.org/W4243803609","https://openalex.org/W2030894524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"communication":[1,26],"protocols":[2],"are":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,28,158,178],"all":[6],"smart":[7],"devices":[8],"and":[9,45,65,97,119,130,153,191],"systems.":[10],"This":[11],"work":[12],"is":[13,53,172],"part":[14],"of":[15,24,185,193],"a":[16,25,30,35,68,104,150,169],"proposed":[17],"supervisory":[18,75],"circuit":[19,76],"that":[20],"classifies":[21],"the":[22,41,51,74,86,95,111,127,140,145,159,163,175],"operation":[23,114],"SoC,":[27,33],"particular,":[29],"Bluetooth":[31],"(BT)":[32],"at":[34],"low":[36],"sampling":[37],"frequency":[38],"by":[39],"monitoring":[40],"RF":[42,58],"output":[43,98],"power":[44,61,84,99,192],"input":[46,96],"supply":[47,62],"current.":[48],"In":[49,122,144],"essence,":[50],"goal":[52],"to":[54,85,109,166],"inexpensively":[55],"fabricate":[56],"an":[57,134,154,182],"envelope":[59],"detector,":[60],"current":[63],"monitor,":[64],"classifier":[66,129],"on":[67,133],"low-cost,":[69],"low-frequency":[70],"integrated":[71],"circuit.":[72],"When":[73],"detects":[77],"abnormal":[78],"behavior,":[79],"it":[80],"can":[81],"shut":[82],"off":[83],"BT":[87,113],"chip.":[88],"We":[89],"extract":[90],"simple":[91],"descriptive":[92],"features":[93],"from":[94,174],"signals.":[100],"Then,":[101],"we":[102,125],"train":[103],"machine":[105],"learning":[106],"(ML)":[107],"model":[108],"classify":[110],"different":[112],"modes,":[115],"such":[116],"as":[117],"advertising":[118],"transmit/receive":[120],"modes.":[121],"this":[123],"work,":[124],"implemented":[126],"ML":[128],"feature":[131],"extraction":[132],"FPGA":[135],"with":[136,139,181],"100%":[137],"matching":[138],"corresponding":[141],"MATLAB":[142],"code.":[143],"experimental":[146],"setup,":[147],"which":[148],"included":[149],"function":[151],"generator":[152],"on-board":[155],"ADC,":[156],"errors":[157],"FPGA-sampled":[160],"values":[161],"degraded":[162],"match":[164],"slightly":[165],"99.26%.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"low-power":[170],"ASIC":[171],"synthesized":[173],"Verilog":[176],"code":[177],"0.8-\u03bcm":[179],"CMOS,":[180],"estimated":[183],"area":[184],"0.0152":[186],"mm":[187],"<sup":[188],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[190],"9.43":[194],"\u03bcW.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}