{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990847500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916350","title":"Cyber Baselining: Statistical properties of cyber time series and the search for stability","display_name":"Cyber Baselining: Statistical properties of cyber time series and the search for stability","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990847500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916350","mag":"2990847500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2019.8916350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916350","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076096528","display_name":"Alexia Schulz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexia Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090409462","display_name":"Ethan Aubin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Aubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002932883","display_name":"P. C. Trepagnier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Trepagnier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044815834","display_name":"Allan Wollaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Wollaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security and Information Sciences MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076096528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15846457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.7262988090515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6435546278953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodicity","display_name":"Ergodicity","score":0.6332694292068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5584302544593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.5536990165710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5326774716377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5199812054634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4665980339050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42248159646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38505303859710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.23807552456855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22621771693229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15193268656730652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.7262988090515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6435546278953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201779956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5426803","display_name":"Ergodicity","level":2,"score":0.6332694292068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5584302544593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.5536990165710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5326774716377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5199812054634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4665980339050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42248159646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38505303859710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.23807552456855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22621771693229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15193268656730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2019.8916350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916350","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036608004","https://openalex.org/W2046858590","https://openalex.org/W2112053513","https://openalex.org/W2113487460","https://openalex.org/W2122547141","https://openalex.org/W2143216869","https://openalex.org/W2146223937","https://openalex.org/W2149093093","https://openalex.org/W2170120409","https://openalex.org/W2171339550","https://openalex.org/W2302058010","https://openalex.org/W2341760625","https://openalex.org/W2783832714","https://openalex.org/W2937284497","https://openalex.org/W3006896441","https://openalex.org/W6684837874","https://openalex.org/W6698160013","https://openalex.org/W6747617862","https://openalex.org/W6761732570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972942382","https://openalex.org/W2009962825","https://openalex.org/W1722744795","https://openalex.org/W124275629","https://openalex.org/W2136727990","https://openalex.org/W2950014027","https://openalex.org/W964575223","https://openalex.org/W2952991236","https://openalex.org/W4296948412","https://openalex.org/W2358718285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"predictive":[1],"cyber":[2,99,122],"analytics":[3],"assume,":[4],"implicitly":[5],"or":[6,104,135],"explicitly,":[7],"that":[8,53],"the":[9,58,78,86,92,109],"underlying":[10],"statistical":[11,32,71],"processes":[12,23],"they":[13],"treat":[14],"have":[15],"simple":[16],"properties.":[17],"Often":[18],"statistics":[19],"predicated":[20],"on":[21,31,91],"Wiener":[22],"are":[24,37,56,60],"used,":[25],"but":[26],"even":[27],"if":[28],"not,":[29],"assumptions":[30,55],"stationarity,":[33],"ergodicity,":[34],"and":[35,51,63],"memorylessness":[36],"often":[38],"present.":[39],"We":[40,68,84],"present":[41],"here":[42],"empirical":[43],"observations":[44],"of":[45,80,88,95,101,111],"several":[46,70],"common":[47,116],"network":[48,81,103,117],"time":[49,82],"series,":[50],"demonstrate":[52],"these":[54,89],"false;":[57],"series":[59],"non-stationary,":[61],"non-ergodic,":[62],"possess":[64],"complicated":[65],"correlation":[66],"structures.":[67],"compute":[69],"tests,":[72],"borrowed":[73],"from":[74,139],"other":[75],"disciplines,":[76],"for":[77],"evaluation":[79],"series.":[83],"discuss":[85],"implications":[87],"results":[90],"larger":[93],"goal":[94],"constructing":[96],"a":[97,102,133],"meaningful":[98],"baseline":[100],"host,":[105],"intended":[106],"to":[107,127,130],"establish":[108,131],"bounds":[110],"\u201cnormal\u201d":[112],"behavior.":[113],"For":[114],"many":[115],"observables":[118],"used":[119],"in":[120],"defensive":[121],"operations,":[123],"it":[124],"may":[125],"prove":[126],"be":[128],"unrealistic":[129],"such":[132],"baseline,":[134],"detect":[136],"significant":[137],"deviations":[138],"it.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
