{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947956295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916225","title":"Hardware IP Classification through Weighted Characteristics","display_name":"Hardware IP Classification through Weighted Characteristics","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947956295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916225","mag":"2947956295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2019.8916225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3166","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041498047","display_name":"Brendan McGeehan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-8792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan McGeehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053617334","display_name":"Flora Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flora Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066384363","display_name":"Thao Thanh Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-3905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thao Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077916566","display_name":"Hunter Nauman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hunter Nauman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101644887","display_name":"Jia Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041498047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48165022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9462000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.7674688100814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6856728792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.6832969188690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.598969578742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.5280005931854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.43781715631484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.43590059876441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2413865327835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17718097567558289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.7674688100814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6856728792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.6832969188690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.598969578742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5280005931854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.43781715631484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.43590059876441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2413865327835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17718097567558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2019.8916225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2019.8916225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.uark.edu:etd-4716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764830181","display_name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","issn_l":"2326-0491","issn":["2326-0491","2326-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320103","host_organization_name":"Arkansas Academy of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arkansas Academy of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.uark.edu:etd-4716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764830181","display_name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","issn_l":"2326-0491","issn":["2326-0491","2326-0505"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320103","host_organization_name":"Arkansas Academy of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arkansas Academy of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011712479","https://openalex.org/W2324437641","https://openalex.org/W2386623152","https://openalex.org/W2491582033","https://openalex.org/W2606854262","https://openalex.org/W2613438915","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2756767906","https://openalex.org/W2782942991","https://openalex.org/W2897421056","https://openalex.org/W2911617582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1526642037","https://openalex.org/W4321062229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"business":[1],"model":[2],"for":[3,143],"hardware":[4,30],"designs":[5,114],"frequently":[6],"incorporates":[7,109],"third-party":[8,19],"Intellectual":[9],"Property":[10],"(IP)":[11],"mainly":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,116,164,170,181,187,193,205,210],"economic":[15],"motivations.":[16],"However,":[17],"allowing":[18],"involvement":[20],"also":[21],"increases":[22],"the":[23,46,76,81,91,96,118,126,136,148,171,183,190,194,207,212],"possibility":[24],"of":[25,112,174],"malicious":[26],"attacks,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29,62,117],"Trojan":[31,47,56],"insertion,":[32],"which":[33,65],"is":[34,98,151,155,179],"a":[35,55,110,166,202],"particularly":[36],"dangerous":[37],"security":[38],"threat":[39],"because":[40],"functional":[41],"testing":[42],"can":[43],"often":[44],"leave":[45],"undetected.":[48],"This":[49,199],"research":[50],"provides":[51,101,201],"an":[52,73],"improvement":[53],"on":[54],"detection":[57],"method":[58],"and":[59,83,86,100,131],"tool":[60,77,108],"known":[61,113],"Structural":[63],"Checking":[64],"analyzes":[66],"Register-Transfer":[67],"Level":[68],"(RTL)":[69],"soft":[70,175],"IPs.":[71],"Given":[72],"unknown":[74,149,191],"IP,":[75],"will":[78],"break":[79],"down":[80],"design":[82],"label":[84],"ports":[85],"signals":[87],"with":[88],"assets.":[89],"Analyzing":[90],"asset":[92],"patterns":[93],"reveals":[94],"how":[95],"IP":[97,150,176,192],"structured":[99],"information":[102],"about":[103],"its":[104],"overall":[105],"functionality.":[106],"The":[107],"library":[111,145,197],"referred":[115],"Golden":[119],"Reference":[120],"Library":[121],"(GRL).":[122],"All":[123],"entries":[124],"in":[125,135],"library,":[127],"grouped":[128],"into":[129],"known-clean":[130],"know-infested,":[132],"are":[133],"analyzed":[134],"same":[137],"manner.":[138],"A":[139,153],"weighted":[140],"percent":[141],"match":[142,189],"each":[144],"entry":[146],"against":[147],"calculated.":[152],"report":[154],"generated":[156],"detailing":[157],"all":[158],"mismatched":[159],"locations":[160],"where":[161],"users":[162],"need":[163],"take":[165],"closer":[167],"look.":[168],"Due":[169],"structural":[172],"variability":[173],"designs,":[177],"it":[178],"vital":[180],"provide":[182],"best":[184,188,208],"possible":[185],"weighting":[186],"most":[195],"similar":[196],"entry.":[198],"paper":[200],"statistical":[203],"approach":[204],"finding":[206],"weights":[209],"optimize":[211],"tool's":[213],"matching":[214],"algorithm.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
