{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025265972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2014.7040967","title":"Energy optimizations for FPGA-based 2-D FFT architecture","display_name":"Energy optimizations for FPGA-based 2-D FFT architecture","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025265972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2014.7040967","mag":"2025265972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2014.7040967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2014.7040967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616782","display_name":"Ren Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-7630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ren Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA 90089#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA 90089#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033166029","display_name":"Viktor K. Prasanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-8589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor K. Prasanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA 90089#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA 90089#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100616782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84867774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.7987847924232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6856122016906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6619508266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.5903929471969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5692257881164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5347240567207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36614298820495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3022533059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22942057251930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12272605299949646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.7987847924232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6856122016906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6619508266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.5903929471969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5692257881164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5347240567207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36614298820495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3022533059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22942057251930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12272605299949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpec.2014.7040967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpec.2014.7040967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969057818","https://openalex.org/W1970608452","https://openalex.org/W2020141429","https://openalex.org/W2029360173","https://openalex.org/W2033292598","https://openalex.org/W2057740006","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2096070062","https://openalex.org/W2102699354","https://openalex.org/W2108600626","https://openalex.org/W2108872752","https://openalex.org/W2115481353","https://openalex.org/W2163220136","https://openalex.org/W2168579934","https://openalex.org/W2168582504","https://openalex.org/W3147878143","https://openalex.org/W4253293928","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6664805728"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120961607","https://openalex.org/W4401568740","https://openalex.org/W2098207691","https://openalex.org/W3148568549","https://openalex.org/W1648516568","https://openalex.org/W361036515","https://openalex.org/W2269474412","https://openalex.org/W4211178602","https://openalex.org/W2433923775","https://openalex.org/W2537599394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Row-column":[0],"algorithm":[1],"is":[2],"commonly":[3],"used":[4,136],"for":[5,28,161,202],"2-D":[6,59,146,171,184,193,204,216],"FFT":[7,60,67,140,147,185,194,217],"implementation":[8],"on":[9,219],"FPGA.":[10,220],"However,":[11],"in":[12,34,47,137,158],"this":[13,51],"algorithm,":[14],"the":[15,58,76,81,87,91,97,111,131,138,144,149,177,182,211],"strided":[16],"memory":[17,21,83],"access":[18],"to":[19,53,73,95,102,208],"external":[20,82],"such":[22],"as":[23],"DRAM":[24,29,36,92,106],"introduces":[25],"significant":[26,40],"delay":[27],"row":[30,107],"activation,":[31,108],"thus":[32,121],"resulting":[33],"high":[35],"energy":[37,45,55,159,179,213],"and":[38,85,93,155,166],"a":[39],"amount":[41],"of":[42,57,181,210,215],"FPGA":[43,94,98],"device":[44],"consumed":[46],"idle":[48,99],"state.":[49],"In":[50],"paper,":[52],"optimize":[54],"consumption":[56],"architecture,":[61,148],"we":[62,109],"employ":[63],"an":[64],"FPGA-based":[65,183],"1-D":[66,139],"kernel":[68],"supporting":[69],"processing":[70],"streaming":[71],"data":[72,133],"fully":[74],"utilize":[75],"available":[77],"bandwidth":[78,89],"offered":[79],"by":[80,114,130],",":[84],"balance":[86],"I/O":[88],"between":[90],"minimize":[96],"time.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"avoid":[103],"time":[104],"consuming":[105],"decompose":[110],"required":[112],"transposition":[113,125],"column-wise":[115],"FFTs":[116],"into":[117],"smaller":[118],"size":[119],"problems,":[120],"enabling":[122],"on-chip":[123],"local":[124],"which":[126],"could":[127],"be":[128],"performed":[129],"customized":[132],"permutation":[134],"unit":[135],"kernel.":[141],"Compared":[142],"with":[143],"baseline":[145],"optimized":[150,192],"architecture":[151,218],"achieves":[152],"3.9\u00d7,":[153],"4.2\u00d7":[154],"4.5\u00d7":[156],"improvement":[157],"efficiency":[160,180,214],"1024\u00d71024,":[162],"4096":[163,165],"\u00d7":[164,168],"8192":[167,169],"points":[170],"FFTs,":[172,205],"respectively.":[173],"We":[174],"also":[175],"estimate":[176],"peak":[178,212],"architecture.":[186],"Our":[187],"estimation":[188],"shows":[189],"that":[190],"our":[191],"Kernel":[195],"can":[196],"achieve":[197],"8.06":[198],"~":[199],"8.31":[200],"GFLOPS/W":[201],"various":[203],"ie.,":[206],"up":[207],"62%":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
