{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099966217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcsim.2012.6266959","title":"A multi-objective genetic algorithm for minimising network security risk and cost","display_name":"A multi-objective genetic algorithm for minimising network security risk and cost","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099966217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcsim.2012.6266959","mag":"2099966217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpcsim.2012.6266959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcsim.2012.6266959","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uobrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/10547/270778/2/06266959.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087719360","display_name":"Valentina Viduto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Viduto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080175512","display_name":"Carsten Maple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-212X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Maple","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101748860","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-8487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061453491","display_name":"Alexey Bochenkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Bochenkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bedfordshire, Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, (IRAC), Luton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9623,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75332001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.7438490986824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7335290312767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.6813009977340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.5584497451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5324949026107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4178847372531891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3779764771461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33202800154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17668086290359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12330013513565063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.7438490986824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7335290312767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6813009977340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5584497451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5324949026107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4178847372531891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3779764771461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33202800154685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17668086290359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12330013513565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpcsim.2012.6266959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcsim.2012.6266959","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.hud.ac.uk:22830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/22830/1/06266959.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/22830/1/06266959.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401852","display_name":"University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/270778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10547/270778","pdf_url":"https://uobrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/10547/270778/2/06266959.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400178","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","host_organization_name":"University of Bedfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference papers, meetings and proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/270778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10547/270778","pdf_url":"https://uobrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/10547/270778/2/06266959.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400178","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","host_organization_name":"University of Bedfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference papers, meetings and proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099966217.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099966217.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1512035444","https://openalex.org/W1632066424","https://openalex.org/W1767049285","https://openalex.org/W2036643871","https://openalex.org/W2055083533","https://openalex.org/W2107966619","https://openalex.org/W2126756319","https://openalex.org/W2132581322","https://openalex.org/W2133795641","https://openalex.org/W2143174928","https://openalex.org/W2146792152","https://openalex.org/W2157347651","https://openalex.org/W2620244897","https://openalex.org/W6637808212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350438938","https://openalex.org/W2384801888","https://openalex.org/W59131431","https://openalex.org/W3082363965","https://openalex.org/W115853712","https://openalex.org/W4312523939","https://openalex.org/W3041397448","https://openalex.org/W1970588810","https://openalex.org/W3142036694","https://openalex.org/W2986519484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"countermeasures":[1],"help":[2,61],"ensure":[3],"information":[4],"security:":[5],"confidentiality,":[6],"integrity":[7],"and":[8,74],"availability(CIA),":[9],"by":[10],"mitigating":[11],"possible":[12],"risks":[13],"associated":[14],"with":[15,102],"the":[16,21,68,88,108,134],"security":[17,41],"event.":[18],"Due":[19],"to":[20,28,38,60,66,85,114],"fact,":[22],"that":[23,116,133],"it":[24,34],"is":[25,35,58,119],"often":[26],"difficult":[27,37],"measure":[29],"such":[30],"an":[31,55,100],"impact":[32],"quantitatively,":[33],"also":[36],"deploy":[39],"appropriate":[40],"countermeasures.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"demonstrate":[47],"a":[48,62,82],"model":[49],"of":[50,121],"quantitative":[51],"risk":[52,94],"analysis,":[53],"where":[54],"optimisation":[56,79],"routine":[57,80],"developed":[59],"human":[63],"decision":[64,149],"maker":[65],"determine":[67],"preferred":[69],"trade-off":[70],"between":[71],"investment":[72],"cost":[73],"resulting":[75,144],"risk.":[76],"An":[77],"offline":[78],"deploys":[81],"genetic":[83,136],"algorithm":[84,137],"search":[86],"for":[87,124,148],"best":[89],"countermeasure":[90],"combination,":[91],"while":[92],"multiple":[93],"factors":[95],"are":[96],"considered.":[97],"We":[98],"conduct":[99],"experimentation":[101],"real":[103,125],"world":[104,126],"data,":[105],"taken":[106],"from":[107],"PTA(Practical":[109],"Threat":[110],"Analysis)":[111],"case":[112],"study":[113],"show":[115,132],"our":[117],"method":[118],"capable":[120],"delivering":[122],"solutions":[123],"problem":[127],"data":[128],"sets.":[129],"The":[130],"results":[131],"multi-objective":[135],"(MOGA)":[138],"approach":[139],"provides":[140],"high":[141],"quality":[142],"solutions,":[143],"in":[145],"better":[146],"knowledge":[147],"making.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}