{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070951792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.2012.62","title":"Directive-based Programming for GPUs: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Directive-based Programming for GPUs: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070951792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.2012.62","mag":"2070951792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpcc.2012.62","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.2012.62","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084875842","display_name":"Ruym\u00e1n Reyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-9615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruym'n Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045476965","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n L\u00f3pez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015294945","display_name":"Juan Fumero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1245-6836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan J. Fumero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045587495","display_name":"Francisco de Sande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-2288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco de Sande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department de EIO y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. de EIO y Comput., Univ. de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084875842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95099458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"410","last_page":"417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8730705380439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.8377212285995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directive","display_name":"Directive","score":0.769026517868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.6932446360588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5381293296813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.4944305419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4888452887535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41459906101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2312297224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1889144778251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.17391344904899597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8730705380439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.8377212285995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.769026517868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.6932446360588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5381293296813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4944305419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4888452887535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41459906101226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2312297224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1889144778251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.17391344904899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpcc.2012.62","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc.2012.62","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324671","display_name":"Agencia Canaria de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Sociedad de la Informaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/01eeqch44"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588278888","https://openalex.org/W1974519274","https://openalex.org/W1987304299","https://openalex.org/W2016888570","https://openalex.org/W2018270886","https://openalex.org/W2051378172","https://openalex.org/W2078994750","https://openalex.org/W2095894588","https://openalex.org/W2098426571","https://openalex.org/W2139935536","https://openalex.org/W2142677441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759","https://openalex.org/W2792081825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GPUs":[0],"and":[1,26,142,166],"other":[2],"accelerators":[3,117],"are":[4,31,122],"available":[5],"on":[6],"many":[7],"different":[8,94],"devices,":[9,92],"while":[10],"GPGPU":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13,83,109],"massively":[14],"adopted":[15],"by":[16],"the":[17,33,77,86,105,119,125,146,159,162],"HPC":[18],"research":[19],"community.":[20],"Although":[21,111],"a":[22,132],"plethora":[23],"of":[24,35,76,104,161],"libraries":[25],"applications":[27],"providing":[28],"GPU":[29,91],"support":[30],"available,":[32],"need":[34],"implementing":[36],"new":[37],"algorithms":[38],"from":[39],"scratch,":[40],"or":[41,52],"adapting":[42],"sequential":[43],"programs":[44],"to":[45,157],"accelerators,":[46],"will":[47,115],"always":[48],"exist.":[49],"Writing":[50],"CUDA":[51],"OpenCL":[53],"codes,":[54],"although":[55],"an":[56],"easier":[57],"task":[58],"than":[59],"using":[60,144],"their":[61],"predecessors,":[62],"is":[63,68],"not":[64],"trivial.":[65],"Obtaining":[66],"performance":[67,174],"even":[69],"harder,":[70],"as":[71],"it":[72],"requires":[73],"deep":[74],"understanding":[75],"underlying":[78],"architecture.":[79],"Some":[80],"efforts":[81],"have":[82,108],"directed":[84],"toward":[85,172],"automatic":[87],"code":[88],"generation":[89],"for":[90,145],"with":[93],"results.":[95,175],"In":[96,127],"particular,":[97],"several":[98],"directive-oriented":[99],"programming":[100,137,164],"models,":[101],"taking":[102],"advantage":[103],"OpenMP":[106,113],"success,":[107],"created.":[110],"future":[112],"releases":[114],"integrate":[116],"into":[118],"standard,":[120],"tools":[121,171],"needed":[123],"in":[124],"meantime.":[126],"this":[128,153],"work,":[129],"we":[130,155],"present":[131],"comparison":[133],"between":[134],"three":[135],"directive-based":[136,163],"models:":[138],"hiCUDA,":[139],"PGI":[140],"Accelerator":[141],"OpenACC,":[143],"last":[147],"our":[148],"novel":[149],"accULL":[150],"implementation.":[151],"With":[152],"comparison,":[154],"aim":[156],"showcase":[158],"evolution":[160],"models":[165],"how":[167],"users":[168],"can":[169],"guide":[170],"better":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}