{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2580613763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2016.0216","title":"Multidimensional Sparse Array Storage for Data Analytics","display_name":"Multidimensional Sparse Array Storage for Data Analytics","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2580613763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2016.0216","mag":"2580613763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2016.0216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2016.0216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 14th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050430493","display_name":"Ekow Otoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. J. Otoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Elect. and Info. Eng., Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Elect. and Info. Eng., Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085217675","display_name":"Hairong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-5916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hairong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Computer Science, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Computer Science, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048563580","display_name":"Gideon Nimako","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-0712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gideon Nimako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Public Health, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Public Health, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050430493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19474456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1520","last_page":"1529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storage-efficiency","display_name":"Storage efficiency","score":0.7489293813705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6992225050926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-array","display_name":"Sparse array","score":0.5398885607719421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.4992659091949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.490996390581131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-array","display_name":"Associative array","score":0.46722611784935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-analytical-processing","display_name":"Online analytical processing","score":0.4627388119697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.45451709628105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4360197186470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4306640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4107235074043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2934161424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-warehouse","display_name":"Data warehouse","score":0.1703726351261139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.15504798293113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14781954884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14606329798698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1352342963218689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121838778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7619924","display_name":"Storage efficiency","level":2,"score":0.7489293813705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6992225050926208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.5398885607719421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.4992659091949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.490996390581131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168781493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80585","display_name":"Associative array","level":2,"score":0.46722611784935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201932085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642514","display_name":"Online analytical processing","level":3,"score":0.4627388119697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.45451709628105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4360197186470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4306640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4107235074043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2934161424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135572916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351","display_name":"Data warehouse","level":2,"score":0.1703726351261139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.15504798293113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14781954884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14606329798698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1352342963218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2016.0216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2016.0216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 14th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188023883","https://openalex.org/W2003421875","https://openalex.org/W2072764742","https://openalex.org/W2154590891","https://openalex.org/W2155512447","https://openalex.org/W2752061190","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2769954494","https://openalex.org/W4240774490","https://openalex.org/W6607600649","https://openalex.org/W6682848092","https://openalex.org/W6744529318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158302790","https://openalex.org/W1993838353","https://openalex.org/W4327907098","https://openalex.org/W2387719413","https://openalex.org/W2348283597","https://openalex.org/W4256621180","https://openalex.org/W4380875404","https://openalex.org/W2365958426","https://openalex.org/W2580613763","https://openalex.org/W2097664970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"relational":[1],"table":[2],"over":[3],"a":[4,12,20,57,67,78,110,145],"set":[5],"of":[6,23,30,42,55,98,155,161,198,200,219,255],"attributes":[7],"can":[8,215],"be":[9],"mapped":[10],"onto":[11],"multi-dimensional":[13,70,240],"array":[14,64,71],"and":[15,76,94,120,144,157,173,183,187,213,245,268],"stored":[16],"as":[17],"such.":[18],"Such":[19],"conceptual":[21],"view":[22,37],"relations":[24,43],"lends":[25],"itself":[26],"to":[27,46,169],"easy":[28],"formulations":[29],"numerous":[31],"analytical":[32],"algorithms.":[33],"This":[34],"is":[35,60,65,257,260],"the":[36,40,62,87,96,152,195,235,249,261,272],"taken":[38],"in":[39,44,203,238],"representation":[41],"data-warehousing":[45],"support":[47],"On-Line":[48],"Analytical":[49],"Processing":[50],"(OLAP).":[51],"The":[52,159,206,230,252],"main":[53],"drawback":[54],"such":[56],"storage":[58,79,100,125,131,136,142,147,163,232,274],"scheme":[59,80,84,148,233,263],"that":[61,85,150,209,258,264],"equivalent":[63],"typically":[66],"highly":[68],"sparse":[69],"with":[72,81,167,225,248],"dominating":[73],"null":[74],"entries,":[75],"requires":[77],"high":[82],"compression":[83,171,217],"retains":[86],"significant":[88],"non-null":[89],"elements.":[90],"We":[91,107,191],"introduce,":[92],"analyse":[93],"compare":[95],"performances":[97,160],"some":[99],"schemes":[101,126,164],"for":[102,176,223,242,266],"Multi-Dimensional":[103],"Sparse":[104,117],"Arrays":[105],"(MDSAs).":[106],"first":[108],"introduce":[109,122],"previously":[111,275],"known":[112],"method":[113],"called":[114],"Bit":[115],"Encoded":[116],"Storage":[118],"(BESS)":[119],"then":[121],"four":[123],"new":[124],"namely,":[127],"Patricia":[128],"trie":[129],"compressed":[130,134,140],"(PTCS),":[132],"extended":[133],"row":[135,141],"(xCRS),":[137],"bit":[138],"encoded":[139],"(BxCRS)":[143],"hybrid":[146],"(Hybrid),":[149],"combines":[151],"two":[153],"methods":[154],"BESS":[156,214,231],"xCRS.":[158],"these":[162],"are":[165],"compared":[166,247],"respect":[168],"their":[170],"ratios":[172,218],"computational":[174],"efficiency":[175],"accessing":[177],"an":[178],"element,":[179],"retrieving":[180],"sub-array":[181,201],"elements":[182,202],"computing":[184,239],"aggregate":[185,196],"functions":[186],"other":[188,250],"analytic":[189],"functions.":[190],"focus":[192],"primarily":[193],"on":[194],"function":[197],"summation":[199],"this":[204],"paper.":[205],"results":[207],"show":[208],"xCRS,":[210],"BxCRS,":[211],"Hybrid":[212],"achieve":[216],"less":[220],"than":[221,227],"40%":[222],"MDSAs":[224],"more":[226],"80%":[228],"sparsity.":[229],"gives":[234],"best":[236],"performance":[237],"aggregates,":[241],"varying":[243],"sparsity":[244],"dimensionality,":[246],"schemes.":[251],"key":[253],"virtue":[254],"PTCS":[256],"it":[259],"only":[262],"allows":[265],"insertions":[267],"deletions":[269],"without":[270],"reorganising":[271],"entire":[273],"allocated.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
