{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360831757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071091","title":"Securator: A Fast and Secure Neural Processing Unit","display_name":"Securator: A Fast and Secure Neural Processing Unit","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360831757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086378743","display_name":"Nivedita Shrivastava","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nivedita Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Electrical Engineering Department,Delhi,India","Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Electrical Engineering Department,Delhi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007225479","display_name":"Smruti R. Sarangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-8523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smruti Ranjan Sarangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Electrical Engineering Department,Delhi,India","Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Electrical Engineering Department,Delhi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086378743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84255791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1127","last_page":"1139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8643071055412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.6187772750854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6170297861099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5563701391220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5482001900672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.526402473449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46413108706474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tile","display_name":"Tile","score":0.4628526270389557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3791770040988922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.34691327810287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3437606990337372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32952171564102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11554157733917236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8643071055412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.6187772750854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6170297861099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5563701391220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5482001900672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.526402473449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46413108706474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468402","display_name":"Tile","level":2,"score":0.4628526270389557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3791770040988922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.34691327810287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3437606990337372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32952171564102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11554157733917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hpca56546.2023.10071091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2138815064","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167569963","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2293771166","https://openalex.org/W2591982329","https://openalex.org/W2605487586","https://openalex.org/W2805074088","https://openalex.org/W2811166235","https://openalex.org/W2911491685","https://openalex.org/W2913096406","https://openalex.org/W2940862705","https://openalex.org/W2941857839","https://openalex.org/W2944442501","https://openalex.org/W2955401130","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2968084331","https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W2979832172","https://openalex.org/W2991139962","https://openalex.org/W3080934051","https://openalex.org/W3084937280","https://openalex.org/W3096785379","https://openalex.org/W3105886168","https://openalex.org/W3135509915","https://openalex.org/W3135765046","https://openalex.org/W3157733976","https://openalex.org/W3174587625","https://openalex.org/W3183268554","https://openalex.org/W3192708755","https://openalex.org/W3198152356","https://openalex.org/W3201481147","https://openalex.org/W3205334056","https://openalex.org/W3206115364","https://openalex.org/W3211838634","https://openalex.org/W3216559820","https://openalex.org/W4250025476","https://openalex.org/W4280622459","https://openalex.org/W4280640316","https://openalex.org/W4289792807","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6712237015","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6751922297","https://openalex.org/W6752924385","https://openalex.org/W6758823024","https://openalex.org/W6782019081","https://openalex.org/W6801890359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114959296","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W38346124","https://openalex.org/W2502442966","https://openalex.org/W2138666621","https://openalex.org/W2383936314","https://openalex.org/W2777914781","https://openalex.org/W1992771654","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Securing":[0],"deep":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3,73],"(DNNs)":[4],"is":[5,119],"a":[6,79,85,147,191,199,214,218,246],"problem":[7],"of":[8,20,31,71,81,93,128,150,160,248],"significant":[9,109],"interest":[10],"since":[11],"an":[12],"ML":[13],"model":[14,41],"incorporates":[15],"high-quality":[16],"intellectual":[17],"property,":[18],"features":[19],"data":[21],"sets":[22],"painstakingly":[23],"collated":[24],"by":[25],"mechanical":[26],"turks,":[27],"and":[28,47,87,111,132,141,165,202,217],"novel":[29],"methods":[30],"training":[32],"on":[33,44],"large":[34,148],"cluster":[35],"computers.":[36],"Sadly,":[37],"attacks":[38],"to":[39,53,121,184,189,203],"extract":[40],"parameters":[42],"are":[43,50,183,237],"the":[45,66,91,123,138,154,158,167,210,251],"rise,":[46],"thus":[48],"designers":[49],"being":[51],"forced":[52],"create":[54,190],"architectures":[55],"for":[56,136,198,212],"securing":[57],"such":[58,72,242],"models.":[59],"State-of-the-art":[60],"proposals":[61],"in":[62,177,225],"this":[63],"field":[64],"take":[65],"deterministic":[67,124],"memory":[68,82,125,161,186],"access":[69,126,187],"patterns":[70,127,188],"into":[74,84],"cognizance":[75],"(albeit":[76],"partially),":[77],"group":[78],"set":[80],"blocks":[83],"tile,":[86],"maintain":[88,113,133],"state":[89,134],"at":[90],"level":[92],"tiles":[94],"(to":[95],"reduce":[96],"storage":[97,155],"space).":[98],"For":[99],"providing":[100],"integrity":[101],"guarantees":[102],"(tamper":[103],"avoidance),":[104],"they":[105],"don\u2019t":[106],"propose":[107],"any":[108,171],"optimizations,":[110],"still":[112],"block-level":[114],"state.We":[115],"observe":[116],"that":[117,230],"it":[118],"possible":[120],"exploit":[122],"DNNs":[129],"even":[130],"further,":[131],"information":[135],"only":[137],"current":[139,142],"tile":[140,194,219],"layer,":[143,201],"which":[144],"may":[145],"comprise":[146],"number":[149,159,196,221],"tiles.":[151],"This":[152],"reduces":[153,157],"space,":[156],"accesses,":[162],"increases":[163],"performance,":[164],"simplifies":[166],"design":[168],"without":[169],"sacrificing":[170],"security":[172],"guarantees.":[173],"The":[174],"key":[175],"techniques":[176],"our":[178],"proposed":[179],"accelerator":[180],"architecture,":[181],"Securator,":[182],"encode":[185],"small":[192],"HW-based":[193],"version":[195,220],"generator":[197],"given":[200],"store":[204,222],"layer-level":[205],"MACs.":[206],"We":[207,228],"completely":[208],"eliminate":[209],"need":[211],"having":[213],"MAC":[215],"cache":[216],"(as":[223],"used":[224],"related":[226],"work).":[227],"show":[229,245],"using":[231],"intelligently-designed":[232],"mathematical":[233],"operations,":[234],"these":[235],"structures":[236],"not":[238],"required.":[239],"By":[240],"reducing":[241],"overheads,":[243],"we":[244],"speedup":[247],"20.56%":[249],"over":[250],"closest":[252],"competing":[253],"work.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
